HCS 216 Week 2 Knowledge Checks- Week 2

Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Week 2 Knowledge Checks

1.

Which hormone secreted by the thyroid gland has the effect of decreasing blood calcium levels?

Insulin

Calcitonin

Melatonin

Thymosin

2.

Identify an accurate statement about the control of endocrine activity in the body.

Negative feedback works to increase the extent of a change in the body.

Positive feedback typically works to counteract a change in the body.

Negative feedback inhibits an endocrine organ from secreting hormones when its hormone levels rise above the set point.

The process by which control systems in the body work to bring back disrupted homeostatic values back to set point is known as positive feedback.

3.

How do neurotransmitters differ from hormones?

Neurotransmitters primarily control cell activities, whereas hormones primarily control cell excitation.

Neurotransmitters can affect multiple cells at a time, whereas hormones can affect only a single cell at a time.

Neurotransmitters can act in less than one second, whereas hormones generally take more time to act.

Neurotransmitters have to travel a considerable distance to reach their target, whereas the intended target of hormones is generally very close.

4.

Which part of the central nervous system is in direct control of the pituitary gland?

The hypothalamus

The cerebellum

The medulla oblongata

The spinal cord

5.

Identify an accurate statement about the thyroid gland.

The thyroid gland is located in the posterior portion of the neck, beneath the trachea.

The hypothalamus and the pituitary gland work together to maintain the levels of the thyroid hormones in the body through a negative feedback loop.

The thyroid-stimulating hormone that triggers the thyroid gland to produce the thyroid hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus.

Higher levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone lead to the production of lower amounts of thyroxine by the thyroid gland.

6.

Identify the difference between the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

The posterior pituitary is known as the adenohypophysis, whereas the anterior pituitary is known as the neurohypophysis.

The posterior pituitary secretes hormones that control tissue growth, whereas the anterior pituitary secretes hormones that regulate urine production.

The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are produced by the gland itself, whereas the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are produced in the hypothalamus.

The posterior pituitary secretes only two hormones, whereas the anterior pituitary secretes six hormones.

7.

Which of the following is an organ that produces hormones that work to regulate the levels of blood sugar in the body?

The pancreas

The spleen

The pineal gland

The thymus

8.

Identify an accurate statement about the pineal gland.

The pineal gland is located in the anterior portion of the neck.

The hormone produced by the pineal gland is called melatonin.

The levels of the hormone produced by the pineal gland do not vary between day and night.

The pineal gland is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

9.

When Aliyah encounters a pack of snarling dogs on the street, she experiences a very intense and sudden reaction. Her breathing and heart rate increase. Her palms become sweaty, her blood pressure rises, and her mouth becomes dry. Why does this happen?

Due to the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

Due to the secretion of insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.

Due to the sudden release of mineralocorticoids into the bloodstream.

Due to the sudden release of glucocorticoids into the bloodstream.

10.

Which of the following conditions is caused by the insufficient production of aldosterone and cortisol?

Cushing’s syndrome

Addison’s disease

Grave’s disease

Gigantism

11.

Identify an accurate statement about diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes is also known as juvenile onset diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes results from the destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas by the immune system.

The kidneys of patients suffering from diabetes tend to work overtime to excrete the excess sugar from the blood.

The blood of untreated diabetics is alkaline.

12.

27-year-old Esma Gonzales arrives at the hospital for a medical check-up. She complains of experiencing tremors and weakness. On examination, Dr. Patil observes that Esma has bulging eyeballs and an irregular heartbeat. He asks her if she has been feeling unusually irritable in the recent past and if she sweats excessively. Esma confirms that she does and adds that she has also been losing weight in spite of eating well. What diagnosis is Dr. Patil most likely to make based on the information he has gathered?

Dr. Patil is most likely going to diagnose Esma with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Dr. Patil is most likely going to diagnose Esma with Cushing’s syndrome.

Dr. Patil is most likely going to diagnose Esma with Grave’s disease.

Dr. Patil is most likely going to diagnose Esma with hypopituitarism.

13.

Which of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Grave’s disease

Congenital hypothyroidism

Cushing’s syndrome

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

14.

Identify an accurate statement about hypoglycemia.

For most diabetics, hypoglycemia is a more acute problem than hyperglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is caused by abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood.

The only way to treat hypoglycemia is to avoid the consumption of sugar.

Diabetics who strictly limit their glucose intake are at a lower risk of developing hypoglycemia.

15.

Identify a difference between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism is caused due to the production of abnormally low levels of thyroid hormone, while hypothyroidism is caused due to the overproduction of thyroid hormone.

People suffering from hypothyroidism tend to gain weight, while those suffering from hyperthyroidism tend to lose weight.

People suffering from hyperthyroidism tend to feel cold, while those suffering from hypothyroidism tend to feel hot.

The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Grave’s disease, while the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

16.

What is the normal concentration of glucose in urine?

1-1.5 mg/dL

1.5-2 mg/dL

0.5-1mg/dL

0-0.5 mg/dL

17.

Identify an accurate statement about testing the concentration of glucose in urine.

The presence of glucose in urine is not always regarded abnormal.

High emotional stress can result in low levels of glucose in urine.

In glucose testing, readings below 0.5 mg/dL typically indicate that a person has diabetes.

A high reabsorption rate by the kidneys may cause high readings in a urinary glucose test.

18.

Chris has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for the past four years. He suspects that his best friend, Davis, may also be diabetic. To find out, Chris lends Davis a special device that he uses to test his blood. Chris instructs Davis to prick his finger, place a drop of blood on an absorbent test strip, and insert the strip into the device for a numeric reading. Based on the information provided in this scenario, which of the following is a true statement?

The device that Davis is handling is used for blood glucose monitoring.

A high numeric reading displayed by the device will indicate low blood sugar.

Chris wants Davis to measure the concentration of creatinine in his blood.

This device is designed to indicate the amount of thyroid hormones circulating in Davis’s bloodstream.