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NSCI 280 Week 1 Quiz
Chapter 1 The Human Organism
- Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?
- The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
- The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
- Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
- Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
- Negative feedback is not homeostatic.
- Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex.
(1) cell
(2) tissue
(3) chemical
(4) organ system
(5) organ
- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
- 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
- 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
- 4, 2, 3, 1, 5
- 3, 1, 2, 4, 5
- The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
- endocrine system.
- cardiovascular system.
- skeletal system.
- respiratory system.
- digestive system.
- A cell is
- a small structure within a cell.
- a structure composed of several tissue types.
- the basic structural unit of plants and animals.
- a group of organs with a common set of functions.
- a group of cells with similar structure and function.
- Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology?
- A car runs out of gas and stops.
- A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students’ exam papers.
- A toilet tank refills itself after a flush.
- An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.
- A clock ticks on a shelf.
- Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites?
- distal and proximal
- medial and inferior
- superior and ventral
- anterior and deep
- lateral and superior
- The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).
- distal
- lateral
- medial
- proximal
- superficial
- The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the
- shoulder to the wrist.
- elbow to the wrist.
- shoulder to the elbow.
- elbow to the fingers.
- shoulder to the fingers.
- Which of the following is NOT found in the epigastric region?
- liver
- stomach
- urinary bladder
- duodenum
- large intestine
- The visceral pleura is
- a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
- the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
- the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
- space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
- the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.
Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life
- The four most abundant elements in the human body are
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron.
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
- calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium.
- carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc.
- carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium.
- Isotopes of the same element have
- the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
- different numbers of protons and electrons.
- the same mass number.
- the same atomic number but differ in their mass numbers.
- no mass number.
- Electrons
- comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.
- are located in the nucleus of an atom.
- have a positive charge of one.
- are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.
- do not participate in the bonding of atoms.
- Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
- Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
- Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
- Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
- Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.
- ATP is converted to ADP.
- Heat energy is
- the form of energy that actually does work.
- movement of ions or electrons.
- energy that flows between objects with different temperatures.
- stored energy that could do work but is not doing so.
- energy that moves in waves.
- In the reversible reaction, CO2+ H2O « H2CO3 « H+ + HCO3— , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood?
- H+ will increase.
- H+ will decrease.
- H+ will be unchanged.
- Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the
- solution is closer to neutrality.
- pH of the solution has increased.
- solution will now accept more protons.
- number of hydrogen ions has decreased.
- number of hydrogen ions has increased.
- Phospholipids
- contain subunits called amino acids.
- are water-soluble.
- are a type of steroid.
- are fat-soluble vitamins.
- are found in cell membranes.
- What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?
- quaternary structure
- tertiary structure
- secondary structure
- primary structure
- peptide structure
- Arrange the following from largest to smallest:
(1) nucleus
(2) DNA molecule
(3) skin cell
(4) chicken eggs
- 1, 2, 3, 4
- 4, 3, 1, 2
- 3, 4, 2, 1
- 2, 3, 1, 4
- 4, 2, 3, 1
Chapter 3 Cell Biology and Genetics
- The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the
- plasma membrane.
- In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use
- x-rays.
- a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- tissue cultures.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- The main components of the plasma membrane are
- carbohydrates and lipids.
- lipids and ions.
- proteins and carbohydrates.
- proteins and lipids.
- ions and proteins.
- When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called
- open-gated channels.
- voltage-gated channels.
- chemical-gated channels.
- ligand-gated channels.
- nongated ion channels.
- In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______.
- membrane channels; membrane channels
- membrane channels; lipid bilayer
- lipid bilayer; membrane channels
- lipid bilayer; lipid bilayer
- None of these choices is correct.
- In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region
- outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
- inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
- of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
- of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
- None of these choices is correct.
- Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.
- urea
- oxygen
- water
- sodium
- sugar
- Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?
- simple diffusion
- osmosis
- active transport
- facilitated diffusion
- filtration
- Organelles
- are extracellular structures.
- are unspecialized portions of a cell.
- generally lack membranes.
- vary in number and type depending on cell function.
- are structural, but not functional parts of the cell.
- Messenger RNA
- is synthesized when a portion of a DNA molecule is transcribed.
- directs the synthesis of DNA.
- determines the sequence of nucleotides in the anticodons of tRNA.
- directs the synthesis of centrioles in the cytoplasm.
- is not involved in the synthesis of proteins.