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CJA 316 Wk 1 – Concept Check

Question 1

2/2

Which of the following perspectives of the criminal justice system holds that criminals choose to commit crimes and must be punished harshly for their actions?

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Rehabilitation

Crime control

Due process

Nonintervention

Question 2

2/2

Most people gain their knowledge of crime and victimization from which of the following sources?

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Police bulletins

Legislation

The media

Official crime data

Question 3

2/2

All jurisdictions use the same statutory definitions and elements of crime.

Question 4

2/2

The Uniform Crime Reports, Supplementary Homicide Reports, and National Incident-Based Reporting System contain crime data collected by which of the following agencies?

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CIA

ATF

BJS

FBI

Question 5

2/2

The “dark figure of crime” refers to which of the following?

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Crime committed by organized crime groups

Crimes that are investigated but never solved

Crimes that do not come to the attention of the police

Crimes committed at high levels of government or business

Question 6

2/2

An advantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is that it includes data on both reported and unreported crimes.

Question 7

2/2

Which of the following theories of crime propose that crime is a free-willed choice?

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Positivist

Classical

Biological

Psychological

Question 8

2/2

In most cases, a misdemeanor is punished by which of the following?

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A year or more in jail

A year or more in prison

Life in prison

Less than a year in jail

Question 9

2/2

Sociological theories of crime suggest that criminals are no different from noncriminals, but they experience different pressures, strains, and limited opportunities.

Question 10

2/2

In a criminal case, the prosecution must to prove the defendant’s guilt by which of the following?

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By a preponderance of the evidence

By clear and convincing evidence

Beyond a reasonable doubt

Beyond a shadow of a doubt

Question 11

2/2

Historically, victims of crime had few rights in the criminal justice system.

Question 12

2/2

Mens rea refers to which of the following?

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“The guilty mind” to show criminal intent

“The guilty act” to indicate the physical act of the crime

The motive for the crime

The external factors surrounding the criminal case

Question 13

2/2

A defendant is charged with hunting without a license and ordered to pay a fine. This is an example of illegal behavior that is which of the following?

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Mala in se

Mala fides

Mala prohibita

Mens rea

Question 14

2/2

A group of hikers break into a cabin to escape a blizzard. While they are in there they build a fire, and consume some of the owner’s emergency provisions until help arrives. If the cabin owner chose to press charges for breaking and entering and theft, which defense might the hikers use?

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Self-defense

Necessity

Restraint

Duress

Question 15

2/2

Usually federal law overrides conflicting state laws.

Question 16

2/2

The emphasis of which of the following perspectives of criminal justice is to ensure that the accused are afforded their rights as guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution?

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Due process

Nonintervention

Crime control

Restorative justice

Question 17

2/2

Which of the following academic disciplines refers to the study of law enforcement, the courts, and corrections?

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Criminal justice

Criminology

Sociology

Social justice

Question 18

2/2

What trials deal with issues between two private parties?

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Administrative trials

Criminal trials

Civil trials

Statutory trials

Question 19

2/2

The crime data submitted by law enforcement agencies to the FBI are submitted voluntarily.

Question 20

2/2

An academic who studies why males commit more crimes than females would be working in which of the following disciplines?

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Victimology

Penology

Criminology

Criminal justice

CJA 316 Wk 2 – Concept Check

Question 1

2/2

Which of the following is considered the beginning of modern public policing?

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City of London Police Act 1839

Metropolitan Police Act of 1829

Central Criminal Court Act 1856

London Government Act 1899

Question 2

2/2

What theory suggests that signs of disorder, such as abandoned buildings and graffiti, will lead to more serious crime if left unattended?

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Attribution

Routine activities

Broken windows

Zero tolerance

Question 3

2/2

In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court ruled that police can stop and frisk an individual based upon reasonable suspicion.

True

False

Question 4

2/2

Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures is guaranteed by which amendment?

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Fourteenth Amendment

Sixth Amendment

Fifth Amendment

Fourth Amendment

Question 5

Which of the following are often considered the first organized police organization in America?

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Slave patrols

Vigilantes

Sheriffs

Night watchmen

Question 6

2/2

Vigilantes are groups of citizens who distribute justice according to their own rules.

True

False

Question 7

2/2

When a police officer pulls someone over but issues a warning instead of a ticket, the officer is doing which of the following?

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Being a meat-eater

Exercising discretion

Ensuring public order

Being a grass-eater

Question 8

2/2

Who is considered the Father of American Policing?

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Robert Peel

O.W. Wilson

James Q. Wilson

August Vollmer

Question 9

2/2

Who established the London’s Metropolitan Police Force at Scotland Yard?

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Lord John Russell

Sir Robert Peel

August Vollmer

William Bourne

Question 10

2/2

Which of the following doctrines states that additional evidence found as a result of initial illegal police activity is inadmissible in court?

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Purged taint

Good faith

Fruit of the poisonous tree

Inevitable discovery

Question 11

2/2

Officers are trained to evaluate a suspect’s behavior and escalate to a level of force necessary and reasonable to control the situation.

True

False

Question 12

2/2

Which of the following is a philosophy and proactive style of policing that seeks citizen input?

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Community policing

Problem-oriented policing

Routine activities

Intelligence-led policing

Question 13

2/2

Evidence that leads a reasonable person to believe there is a good likelihood that a crime was committed or that evidence or illicit materials are present is known as which of the following?

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Reasonable suspicion

Probable suspicion

Probable cause

Reasonable cause

Question 14

2/2

Which of the following focuses on the enforcement of quality-of-life issues?

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Traditional policing

Zero-tolerance policing

Intelligence-led policing

Evidence-based policing

Question 15

2/2

Patrol officer duties include crime prevention, apprehending suspects, and assisting citizens.

True

False

Question 16

2/2

Miranda rights are required by law (not department policy) to be read to an individual at which point?

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Before they are put in a police car

When they are under arrest and asked any questions

Before they are handcuffed

When they are under arrest and questioned about criminal acts

Question 17

Which of the following is thought of as the backbone of policing?

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Investigations

Internal affairs

Patrol

Forensics

Question 18

Reason to believe that an individual is engaging in criminal activity based on a police officer’s training and experience, is known as which of the following?

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Probable suspicion

Reasonable suspicion

Probable cause

Reasonable cause

Question 19

2/2

Mandatory arrest policies limit police discretion in certain situations, such as intimate partner violence.

True

False

Question 20

Which rule states that evidence that was obtained illegally cannot be used in trial?

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Exclusionary

Evidentiary

Suppression

Due process

CJA 316 Wk 2 – Summative Assessment: Police and the Community

The police are tasked with protecting the community from those who intend to victimize others. The community–police partnership is vital to preventing and investigating crime. This assignment explores police processes and key aspects of the community–police relationship.

Write an 875- to 1,050-word paper in which you do the following:

Summarize Tennessee v. Garner (1985) and Graham v. Connor (1989). How do these cases regulate the use of force by police? What is the three-prong test?

How did the two cases above influence policy agencies?

Now, choose a police agency in the United States to research for the following questions:

Describe the selection process for police officers at your chosen agency. This includes the minimum age and education requirements, as well as the types of selection tests (written, physical, oral boards, etc.).

Briefly discuss issues that are affecting the police–community partnership at your chosen agency.

Explain how the agency partners with the community to address issues. Consider any public programs the agency offers and whether citizens have roles on advisory boards.

Identify if your selected agency shares their use of force policies on their website. How do they investigate use of force incidents? Can a citizen review the use of force reports through the agency website? Discuss the level of transparency the agency provides.

Cite at least 2 sources.

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Submit your assignment.

CJA 316 Wk 3 – Concept Check

Question 1

2/2

Who is the only person who can waive the right to a speedy trial?

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Prosecutor

Defendant

Judge

Private attorney

Question 2

2/2

Which of the following results applies to the majority of criminal cases?

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They are resolved through plea bargaining.

They are dismissed by the prosecutor or the court.

They are tried in front of a jury.

They are tried through a bench trial.

Question 3

2/2

Grand juries operate in secret with subpoena powers and the suspect is unaware of the proceedings and has no right to legal counsel.

False

Question 4

2/2

Which of the following is a formal hearing, and is the first time that the defendant is brought before the court that has jurisdiction to conduct the trial?

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Venire

First appearance

Voir dire

Arraignment

Question 5

2/2

The defense attorney is responsible for which of the following?

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Ensuring that their client is acquitted or found not guilty

Determining whether or not their client is guilty

Ensuring the constitutional rights of the defendant are protected

Telling the defendant which plea to enter in court

Question 6

2/2

An indeterminate sentence provides a fixed term.

Question 7

2/2

Which of the following components is responsible for overseeing the judicial process and interpreting matters of law?

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Juvenile component

Court component

Police component

Corrections component

Question 8

2/2

A capital case uses which of the following for the guilt and sentencing phase?

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Sequestered trial

Bench trial

Mitigated trial

Bifurcated trial

Question 9

2/2

A motion for a directed verdict is the defense is telling the judge that they do not think that the prosecution has met its obligation of proving the case beyond a reasonable doubt.

Question 10

2/2

The goal of problem-solving court is to do which of the following?

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Punish the offender

Incapacitate the offender

Provide treatment and reduce recidivism

Deter criminal activity in general

Question 11

2/2

A grand jury determines innocence or guilt.

Question 12

2/2

The United States Supreme Court uses which rule to determine what cases it will accept for review?

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Rule of four

Rule of five

Rule of six

Rule of seven

Question 13

2/2

What is the most common form of criminal sanction in the United States?

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Capital punishment

Fines

Probation

Incarceration

Question 14

2/2

What is a court’s authority to hear certain types of cases called?

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Privilege

Jurisdiction

Venue

None of the given answers are correct.

Question 15

2/2

Victim impact statements allow the victim to tell the judge how the crime affected the victim and victim’s family physically, financially, emotionally, and psychologically. It also ensures the victim’s right to be heard.

Question 16

2/2

A case may be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court by filing a writ of which of the following?

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Procedendo

Mandamus

Quo warranto

Certiorari

Question 17

2/2

In the United States, the supreme law of the land is which of the following?

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U.S. Constitution

U.S. Code

Acts of Congress

State and federal law

Question 18

2/2

Which of the following’s purpose is to determine if the arrest was valid and based upon probable cause?

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Venire

First appearance

Arraignment

Voir dire

Question 19

2/2

If a jury cannot reach a decision (hung jury) the defendant cannot be tried again for the same crime.

Question 20

2/2

Who presents the first opening statement in a criminal trial?

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The prosecutor

The judge

The defense attorney

The defendant

CJA 316 Wk 3 – Summative Assessment: From Arrest to Sentencing

Due process in the criminal justice system is ensured through a variety of checks and balances, from the time of arrest to sentencing.

Research criminal trials in the United States with convictions (e.g., Aaron Hernandez, Jodi Arias, Drew Peterson, Amber Guyger). Select one case to address in your research paper.

Write an 875- to 1,050-word paper in which you do the following:

Describe the steps from arrest to sentencing to appeal (if applicable) of your chosen case. Include the following:

The legal basis for making the arrest (e.g., court-issued warrant, probable cause)

The prosecutor’s role in determining the charges

All court hearings and events from arrest to the trial

The trial steps/phases (e.g., jury selection, presentation of evidence, deliberation)

Sentencing (What was the purpose? How was the sentence determined?)

The appeal, if applicable (What level of court was involved in the appeal?)

Explain how the due process model was applied in the case through the 3 components of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts, corrections).

Cite at least 2 sources.

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Submit your assignment.

CJA 316 Wk 4 – Concept Check

Question 1

2/2

Which system is responsible for overseeing those persons arrested and awaiting trial, and those who have been convicted of crimes and are serving their sentence?

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Courts

Corrections

Juvenile detention

Police

Question 2

Spending time in prison achieves the correctional goal of which of the following?

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Incapacitation

Restorative justice

Nonintervention

Question 3

1/1

Special conditions are rules that all offenders are required to follow.

True

False

Question 4

2/2

Joe has been sentenced to incarceration for a misdemeanor. Where will he serve his sentence?

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Prison

Halfway house

Rehab facility

Jail

Question 6

1/1

A prison’s failure to protect inmates from sexual assault is a violation of the Eighth Amendment.

True

False

Question 7

What is the purpose of classification systems in prisons?

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To further punish offenders

To ensure the proper allocation of funding

To ensure staff and inmate safety

To eliminate the need for education and training programs

Question 8

2/2

Relapse into criminal offending is known as which of the following?

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Retribution

Reformation

Deterrence

Recidivism

Question 9

1/1

Prisoners may file appeals themselves or through attorneys.

True

False

Question 10

2/2

Which of the following is a sentence that suspends or delays a term of full-time incarceration?

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Parole

Forfeiture

Probation

Boot camp

Question 11

1/1

Women are not permitted to work as correctional officers in male facilities.

True

False

Question 12

2/2

Which of the following rights is not afforded to incarcerated prisoners?

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Fourth Amendment search and seizure protections

Freedom of religion

Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment

Rights to medical care

Question 13

2/2

What was the first penitentiary in America?

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Pennsylvania Street Jail

Auburn Prison

Walnut Street Jail

Sing Sing Prison

Question 14

2/2

Scott is on parole. Which of the following is true?

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He was released early after serving time in jail for a misdemeanor.

He was released early after serving time in prison for a felony.

He was convicted of a misdemeanor and given a suspended sentence.

He was convicted of a felony and given a suspended sentence.

Question 15

Standard/general conditions are based on the nature and motivation of the crime and on the background characteristics of the offenders.

True

False

Question 17

2/2

Physical punishment such as whipping and caning is known as what kind of punishment?

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Corporal

Capital

Institutional

Extrajudicial

Question 18

2/2

Leslie has been sentenced to incarceration for a felony. Where will she serve her sentence?

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Jail

Prison

Halfway house

Rehab facility

Question 19

1/1

The “Father of Probation” is Augustus Adams.

True

False

Question 20

2/2

Which of the following refers to paying money to the victim, the victim’s family, or a crime victim’s fund in response to a crime committed?

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Restitution

Day fines

Community service

Forfeiture

Question 21

1/1

Which group represents a major aspect of prison life and is often responsible for managing drug trafficking, violence, and prison riots?

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Gangs

Neo-Nazis

White Supremacists

Question 22

1/1

Women tend to create pseudo families with alliances that mimic the family structure (e.g., mother, father, sister,).

True

False

Question 23

4/4

Match the correctional model to the description.

Prompts

Submitted Answers

Punishment Model

The goal of this model is to place inherently bad people under correctional authority. Examples include isolation cells, incarceration, fines, and body-chain constraints.

Crime Control Model

The goal of this model is to contain and control inmates. The most common example is incapacitation via incarceration.

Rehabilitation Model

The goal of this model is to change the offender’s behavior. Examples include juvenile detention, job therapy, and educational programs.

Reintegration Model

The goal of this model is to help offenders successfully readjust back into society. Examples include parole, halfway houses, and prerelease programs.

CJA 316 Wk 5 – Concept Check

Question 1

2/2

Violating curfew, truancy, and running away from home are all examples of what kind of offenses?

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Criminal

Status

Minor

Misdemeanor

Question 2

What does the term parens patriae mean? (Select all that apply.)

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The State as parent

Parents are wrong

Parents retain custody

The State is powerful

Question 3

2/2

One of the challenges in convicting persons of hate crimes is the requirement to prove that the defendant was motivated in part by the victim’s race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation.

False

Question 4

2/2

Which of the following cases provided the right to notice of charge, legal representation, confrontation and cross-examination of witnesses, and protection against self-incrimination?

Hide answer choices

Graham v. Florida (2010)

In re Gault (1967)

Kent v. United States (1966)

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 5

2/2

In which state was the first juvenile court in the United States established?

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Illinois

Alaska

California

Florida

Question 6

2/2

International terrorism occurs primarily within the jurisdiction of the United States.

Question 7

2/2

Which of the following is an example of a hate crime?

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Beating a person because he is homosexual

Burning a cross on the property of a Black family

A swastika on a synagogue wall

All of the above

Question 8

2/2

Which case determined that juveniles serving life sentences without the possibility of parole (unless for homicide) is cruel and unusual punishment?

Hide answer choices

Graham v. Florida (2010)

In re Gault (1967)

Kent v. United States (1966)

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 9

2/2

Under the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) of 1984, funds were distributed throughout the United States for victim compensation and victim assistance programs.

False

Question 10

2/2

Frequently, civil disorder arises from an accumulation of grievances and then a precipitating incident ignites rioting.

False

Question 11

2/2

In the 1960s and 1970s, social activists in such efforts as civil rights, women’s rights, children’s rights, gay rights, and opposition to the Vietnam War paved the way for the rise of the victims’ rights movement.

: False

Question 12

2/2

Which case provided the right to a hearing in juvenile court before a judicial waiver moving the case to an adult court?

Hide answer choices

Graham v. Florida (2010)

In re Gault (1967)

Kent v. United States (1966)

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 13

2/2

Challenges to fighting cybercrime include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Hide answer choices

Offenders are often anonymous and can work from any public or private computer.

Detecting cybercrime is expensive and requires technologically-sophisticated techniques and training.

Cybercrime can be transnational, and its prosecution can be complicated by conflicting laws and enforcement practices in different countries.

Question 14

2/2

Which case determined that the use of capital punishment for a juvenile offender was a violation of the Eighth Amendment?

Hide answer choices

Graham v. Florida (2010)

In re Gault (1967)

Kent v. United States (1966)

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Question 15

2/2

Most U.S. hate crimes are committed based on the victim’s religion.

Question 16

2/2

All of the following can be repaid by victim compensation programs except:

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Funeral expenses

Counseling

Medical expenses

Pain and suffering

Question 17

2/2

Select all that apply. An example of a cybercrime is:

Hide answer choices

Online fraud

Identity theft

Digital child pornography

Question 18

2/2

__________ is an offense charged to juveniles, that if committed by an adult, would be a criminal offense.

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Status

Delinquency

Felony

Misdemeanor

Question 19

2/2

The goal of diversion is to ensure youthful low-risk offenders are formally processed in the juvenile system.

Question 20

2/2

Victims have the right to provide information on how the criminal victimization affected them during which point?

Hide answer choices

Presentence investigation

Arraignment

Jury deliberations

Supervision in the community

CJA 316 Wk 5 – Summative Assessment: Corrections System

Once an individual has been sentenced for a crime, they enter the corrections component of the criminal justice system. This component is responsible for the care, security, and rehabilitation of the inmate.

Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation about the U.S. corrections system. Do the following in your presentation:

Summarize the purpose of the corrections component of the criminal justice system.

Explain why a person might be sent to a jail versus a prison. Provide examples for each scenario.

Explain why a person might be placed on parole and why a person might be placed on probation. Provide examples for each scenario.

Summarize the juvenile corrections system.

Explain 3 rights that inmates have.

Note: For help creating a Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation, please visit the Center for Writing Excellence to view a sample and additional training resources.

Include detailed speaker notes.

Cite at least 2 sources.

Format your citations according to APA guidelines.

Submit your presentation.