- Description
CJA 336 Wk 1 – Concept Check
- Question 1
1/1
Traditionally, race has referred to major biological divisions of mankind distinguished by color of skin, color and texture of hair, bodily proportions, and other physical features.
- T
- F
- Question 2
11
What percent of prisoners exonerated by DNA evidence are people of color, according to the Innocence Project?
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12
31
61
4.75
- Question 3
1/1
Compared to white Americans, people of color are victimized by violent and property crimes at a higher rate.
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- F
- Question 4
1/1
The first gangs in the U.S. were African American.
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- Question 5
1/1
Which of the following theories offers that laws are used to maintain the power of a society’s dominant group and control the individuals who threaten that power?
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Disparity
Consensus
Conflict
Discrimination
- Question 6
1/1
Which of the following is the most systematic source of victimization information?
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NIBRS
SHR
NCVS
UCR
- Question 7
1/1
Experts regard the concept of race as primarily a biological construct.
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- F
- Question 8
1/1
Which of the following describes the labels applied to groups?
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They are periodically changed for political expedience.
They are essential for clarity and specificity during discourse.
They are usually applied by the politically and culturally dominant group.
All of the above
- Question 9
1/1
When the police decide that a reported crime is “unfounded,” this means they believe which of the following to be true about the incident?
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The incident is not counted as an offense known to the police.
The incident is filed on an official report but not investigated.
The incident is not substantiated by evidence.
The incident is not important.
- Question 10
1/1
The majority of offenders are Black.
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- Question 11
1/1
Discrimination is a difference based on which of the following, without reference to an individual’s behavior or qualifications?
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Differential treatment of groups
Extralegal factors
Bias
All of the above
- Question 12
1/1
Which of the following constitutional amendments makes discrimination illegal?
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Eighth Amendment
Ninth Amendment
Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
- Question 13
1/1
Which of the following is generally true about hate crime legislation?
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It is enacted in the form of penalty enhancements for existing common law offenses.
It is enacted as new criminal statutes specifying hate crime elements and punishments.
It is limited to federal sanctions pursuant to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
It is limited to state criminal codes only.
- Question 14
1/1
Which crimes receive the most attention from the media, from politicians, and from criminal justice policymakers?
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Crimes involving white victims
Crimes involving African American offenders
Street crimes such as murder, robbery, and rape
All of the above
- Question 15
1/1
What type of discrimination occurs only in certain situations?
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Institutionalized
Entrenched
Contextual
Systemic
- Question 16
1/1
The NCVS survey sample is chosen on the basis of which of the following?
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Voter registration rolls
The most recent census data
County property registers
Driver’s license rolls
- Question 17
1/1
According to the statistics provided, most immigrants in America are undocumented.
- T
- F
- Question 18
1/1
What type of discrimination involves disparities in outcomes that result from established policies?
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Institutionalized
Entrenched
Contextual
Systemic
- Question 19
1/1
Analysis of all data sources reveals that crime is predominantly which of the following?
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An interracial event
An intraracial event
Racially specific by region
Racially indiscriminate
- Question 20
1/1
What type of discrimination occurs at all stages of the criminal justice system, in all places, and at all times?
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Institutionalized
Entrenched
Contextual
Systemic