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CJA 336 Wk 4 – Concept Check

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CJA 336 Wk 4 – Concept Check

Question 1

1/1

When did the Supreme Court ban execution of those who were under age 18 at the time of their crime?

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1972

1977

2005

2002

Question 2

1/1

Congress finally acted to reduce the crack/powder cocaine disparity in which act of 2010?

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Fair Sentencing Act

Equal Drug Act

Equal Sentencing Act

Cocaine Elimination Act

Question 3

Steffensmeier and Demuth’s study of race and sentencing in Pennsylvania revealed that African Americans had the highest likelihood of being incarcerated.

True

False

Question 4

1/1

Most sentencing research examines the sentences imposed on offenders convicted of which of the following?

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Drug offenses

White collar crimes

Violent crimes

Felonies

Question 5

Which of the following is a legally relevant factor in sentencing that may very well be “race-linked”?

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Prior criminal record

Education

Socioeconomic status

Place of residence

Question 6

There is extensive evidence that those who murder whites, and particularly African Americans who murder whites, are sentenced to death and executed at disproportionately high rates.

True

False

Question 7

1/1

Which of the following cases invalidated the death penalty statutes in 39 states?

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Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Coker v. Georgia (1977)

Roberts v. Louisiana (1976)

Question 8

1/1

There is relatively little research testing for racial discrimination in the sentencing of individuals convicted of misdemeanor offenses, but some predict that the likelihood of racially disparate decisions is greater in these cases. This is because misdemeanor cases are usually handled in the lower courts, which have huge caseloads and informal, nonadversarial procedures for delivering what is often referred to as which of the following?

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“American justice”

“Real justice”

“Procedural justice”

“Assembly-line justice”

Question 9

1/1

Numerous studies clearly indicate that Hispanic Americans have been sentenced to death and executed “in numbers far out of proportion to their numbers in the population.”

True

False

Question 10

1/1

In which case did the Supreme Court ban imposing the death penalty on a defendant convicted of rape?

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Furman v. Georgia (1972)

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

Coker v. Georgia (1977)

Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

Question 11

Research examining the interactions of legally irrelevant sentencing factors has found race, gender, and age do not have significant direct effects on sentence severity.

True

False

Question 12

1/1

Which of the following has complicated the task of assessing the effect of race on sentencing, as it is a war that critics contend has been fought primarily in minority communities?

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War on drugs

War on poverty

War on terrorism

War on crime

Question 13

1/1

The Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments.”

True

False

Question 14

0/1

Which act prohibits the destruction of DNA evidence in federal criminal cases while a defendant remains incarcerated?

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Justice for All Act

Innocence Protection Act

Racial Justice Act

Death Penalty Reform Act

Question 15

1/1

Convicted Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh was the first federal offender after 1963 to be put to death.

True

False

Question 16

0/1

In the Supreme Court’s decision in Furman v. Georgia ¬¬¬how many of the five justices in the majority mentioned the problem of racial discrimination in the application of the death penalty?

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Question 17

1/1

Geographical features, such as the local homicide rate, political climate, and minority population, have no influence on whether the local population supports the death penalty.

True

False

Question 18

0/1

In 2003, the governor of which state commuted the sentences of all of the state’s death row inmates to life in prison because of his concerns for systemic error?

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Kentucky

Virginia

Illinois

Missouri

Question 19

1/1

Most of the research on sentencing examines the sentences imposed on offenders convicted of felonies.

True

False

Question 20

1/1

To be fair, a sentencing scheme must allow the judge or jury _______to shape sentences to fit individuals and their crimes.

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Discretion

Time

Power

Discrimination