CJA 346 Wk 1 – Concept Check

1. Question 1

4/4

Which of the following is the interdisciplinary science that gathers and analyzes data on crime and criminal behavior?

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Criminology

Theory

Sociology

Law

2. Question 2

4/4

Which of the following do criminologists use to try to answer questions, rather than simply philosophizing about them?

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Scientific procedure

Scientific method

Technique of natural science

Observational analysis

3. Question 3

4/4

Which of the following involves the study of individuals who commit harmful acts, regardless of the legal status of those acts?

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Crime

Criminology

Criminality

Law

4. Question 4

4/4

Which of the following is a set of logically interconnected propositions explaining how phenomena are related?

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Theory

Hypothesis

Ideology

Policy

5. Question 5

4/4

Crime is a socially constructed phenomenon that lacks any real objective essence and is defined into existence rather than discovered.

1. T
2. F
3. Question 6

4/4

Which of the following can be defined as the actual number of reported crimes standardized by some unit of the population?

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Rate

Statistic

Degree

Ratio

7. Question 7

4/4

Which of the following is true of the number of crimes reported to police?

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It is the best source available to criminologists to assess the dark figure of crime.

This number is a direct reflection of the number of crimes actually committed.

Due to false reports, this number is larger than the number of crimes actually committed.

Due to unreported crimes, this number is smaller than the number of crimes actually committed.

8. Question 8

4/4

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau on behalf of which organization?

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The Bureau of Justice Statistics

The Federal Bureau of Investigation

Homeland Security

The American Society of Criminology

9. Question 9

4/4

The hierarchy rule states that only the most serious offense be recorded in a multiple offense incident.

1. T
2. F
3. Question 10

4/4

Murder is included in the victimization survey data.

1. T

True

2. F

False

CJA 346 Wk 2 – Concept Check

1. Question 1

4/4

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the principle of utility?

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Cesare Lombroso

Jeremy Bentham

Adolphe Quetelet

Cesare Beccaria

2. Question 2

4/4

Rational choice is most closely linked to which school?

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Classical

German

Italian

Positivist

3. Question 3

4/4

The most glaring criticism of both rational choice and routine activities is the assumption of rationality.

1. T
2. F

False

4. Question 4

4/4

Which of the following emotions serve to adjust our social behavior by arousing, focusing, and modifying brain activity?

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Disgust and shame

Embarrassment and fear

Empathy and guilt

Anger and joy

5. Question 5

4/4

Which of the following theorists is credited with the idea that strain results from a disjunction between goals and the legitimate means of attaining them?

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Henry McKay

Robert Agnew

Robert Merton

Steven Messner

6. Question 6

4/4

Which of the following describes the interrelations of humans and the environments in which they live and views the city as a kind of superorganism with areas differentially adaptive for different ethnic groups?

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Environmentalism

Sociology

Human ecology

Criminology

7. Question 7

4/4

Which theory argues that individual behavior is shaped through the process of reinforcement and punishment?

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Differential association theory

Self-control theory

Social learning theory

Social bonding theory

8. Question 8

4/4

Low self-control is not sufficient to account for all criminal offending.

1. T
2. F

False

9. Question 9

4/4

Which of the following is a system of mediation and conflict resolution that is focused on repairing the harm that has been caused by crime?

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Emancipatory

Modified punitive

Proletarian

Restorative

10. Question 10

4/4

According to the text, which perspective is considered to be a useful tool for critiquing the criminal law and its application, and for scrutinizing the criminal justice system?

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Feminist

Conflict

Critical

Functionalist

CJA 346 Wk 2 – Summative Assessment: Criminal Behavior Assessment

Select an event that occurred within the past 12–24 months involving an individual who has been arrested and charged with a criminal offense.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you:

• Align your chosen event to a school of thought or theory presented in Week 1 or 2 that explains the criminal behavior.
• Describe the assumptions underlying the development of the theory.
• Summarize the key principles of the theory.
• Defend why your selected theory is the best explanation for the criminal behavior exhibited in the current event.

Cite any references to support your assignment.

Format your paper in accordance with APA guidelines.

Submit your assignment.

CJA 346 Wk 3 – Concept Check

1. Question 1

4/4

Which of the following is defined as constitutionally based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, influenced over time by genes, maturation, and experience?

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Altruism

Intelligence

Personality

Temperament

2. Question 2

4/4

Which of the following is associated with increased risk of criminality?

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A high level of empathy

A high rate of serotonin

A relatively unresponsive ANS

A low level of performance intellect

3. Question 3

4/4

Which theory argues that criminal behavior is a general pattern of life characterized by irresponsibility, impulsivity, self-indulgence, and negative interpersonal relationships?

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Differential association

Lifestyle

Net-advantage

Rational choice

4. Question 4

4/4

Which of the following do all evolutionary theories of crime focus on?

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Economic development

Genetic developments

Reproductive strategies

The behavior activating system

5. Question 5

4/4

According to neuroscience, what largely determines the patterns of our neuronal connections?

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Experiences

Genetics

Heritability

Phenotype

6. Question 6

4/4

Studies have found that maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts criminal behavior in the mother’s offspring independent of other factors.

1. T
2. F
3. Question 7

4/4

The reward dominance theory provides us with hard physical evidence relating to all but which one of the following concepts?

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Sensation seeking

Impulsiveness

Low self-control

Altruism

8. Question 8

4/4

Which theories are dynamic in that they emphasize that individuals develop along different pathways and over the course of their lives?

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Biological

Developmental

Psychological

Social

9. Question 9

4/4

Which of the following can be defined as something within an individual’s personal characteristics or their environment that increases the probability of violent offending?

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Risk temperament

Risk factor

Chance factor

Type A personality

CJA 346 Wk 3 – Summative Assessment: Psychosocial Theories Presentation

Over the years, sociologists and psychologists have proposed a number of theories to try to explain criminal behavior. Among the theories proposed are Strain theory, Sutherland’s differential association theory, cultural transmission theory, and social control theory. For this assignment, select one of the psychosocial theories to research and summarize in a presentation.

Create an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on your selected psychosocial theory. In your presentation:

• Explain why the selected theory or school of thought is a psychological or sociological approach.
• Summarize the basic principles of the theory.
• Describe how the theory furthers our understanding of crimes of violence.
• Using an example of criminal behavior from a current event, describe how the theory can explain the behavior which is being targeted for prevention or prosecution. Identify the current policies the theory may align to or support. Current policy examples include:
• The U.S. Marshals Service’s “Operation Not Forgotten” policy program
• ATF’s policy of cooperating with local law enforcement to keep illegal firearms off the streets
• DEA’s policy for collaborating with local police to combat the use of fentanyl

Cite any references you use to support your assignment.

Format any in-text citations and references in accordance with APA guidelines.

Submit your assignment.

CJA 346 Wk 4 – Concept Check

1. Question 1

4/4

The Crime Victims’ Rights Act guarantees victims the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.

1. T
2. F

False

2. Question 2

4/4

Which criminologist is credited with pioneering victim precipitation theory?

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Amir

Gottfredson

Sampson

Von Hentig

3. Question 3

4/4

Which theory explains victimization as the convergence of the three variables of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian?

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Differential association

Routine activities

Social bond

Victim precipitation

4. Question 4

4/4

What are the most damaging consequences for most crime victims?

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Loss of vision

Permanent disabilities

Physical wounds

Psychological

5. Question 5

4/4

The Crime Victims’ Rights Act was passed by the Senate in what year?

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1904

1934

1964

2004

6. Question 6

4/4

Which of the following statements is true about victim precipitation theory?

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Applies only to victims of property crime

Maintains that by acting in certain provocative ways some individuals initiate a chain of events that lead to their victimization

Stresses that criminal behavior takes place via the interaction of three variables

Maintains that past victimization is the strong predictor

7. Question 7

4/4

Most victimization is random and unpredictable.

1. T
2. F
3. Question 8

4/4

Victimology seeks to answer why some individuals, households, groups, and other entities are targeted and others are not.

1. T
2. F
3. Question 9

4/4

A woman who has suffered years of abuse stabs and kills her husband in self-defense as he is beating her again. What is the degree of criminal intent of the perpetrator and the degree of victim facilitation?

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None; much

Some; more

More; some

Much; none

10. Question 10

4/4

Which of the following is an example of a high-risk lifestyle?

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Frequenting bars late at night and drinking heavily

Hanging out with friends at the local YMCA after hours

Joining intramural sports

Missing curfew various times a week due to hanging out with peers

CJA 346 Wk 4 – Four Major Theories of Victimization

You are responsible for training new staff at your agency about the intricacies of victimization. In preparation for training the new staff, read “Victimology: Four Major Theories” by The Law Project.

Create a chart explaining victimization, in which you:

• List the main tenets of the 4 major theories of victimization.
• Identify the strengths and limitations of each theory.
• Consider which of the 4 you think provides the best explanation for victimization.

Submit your assignment.

CJA 346 Wk 5 – Concept Check

1. Question 1

4/4

Most offenders incarcerated for sex offenses had victimized which of the following?

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Children

College-aged women

The elderly

The mentally ill

2. Question 2

4/4

Rates of victimization for forcible rape have fallen significantly over the last 35 years.

1. T
2. F

False

3. Question 3

4/4

Which of the following is the strongest single predictor that girls will be molested during childhood?

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Absence of their father

Age

Level of parental supervision

Presence of a stepfather or live-in boyfriend

4. Question 4

4/4

Which of the following statements pertaining to human trafficking is true?

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It is often considered to be open legal slavery.

It is the illegal trade in human beings through abduction, the use or threat of force, deception, and fraud for sale for the purposes of sexual exploitation or forced labor.

It is almost invariably sourced by rich countries with a lot of economic opportunities.

The destination countries are always poor countries with corrupt law enforcements.

5. Question 5

4/4

The shock, anger, and depression that typically afflicts a rape victim is known as what?

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Stress syndrome

Rape trauma syndrome

Victimization syndrome

Trauma syndrome

6. Question 6

4/4

Until recently, which of the following was the forgotten party in the criminal justice system?

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Community

Offender

Prosecutor

Victim

7. Question 7

4/4

The majority of compensation provided to victims of violent crime is used for what?

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Loss of wages

Medical expenses

Legal fees

Housing and food

8. Question 8

4/4

Victim-offender reconciliation programs (VORPs) are an integral part of what criminal justice philosophy?

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Rehabilitative

Retributive

Restorative

Punishment

9. Question 9

4/4

Overwhelmingly, domestic violence that causes serious injury is committed by males against females.

1. T
2. F

False

10. Question 10

4/4

Which of the following is the strongest single predictor that boys will be molested during childhood?

Hide answer choices

Absence of their father

Age

Level of parental supervision

Presence of a stepfather

CJA 346 Wk 5 – Summative Assessment: Victim Advocate Training Guid

Imagine you are creating a training guide for new case managers at your police station and you need to include a section on the process and role of the victim advocate.

Create a 350- to 700-word annotated outline for victim advocate training. Address the following in your outline:

• Identify the certification process to become a victim advocate in the state you live in, or in another state you are familiar with.
• Describe the function of the victim advocate in a criminal matter involving an adult victim, especially a victim of elder abuse. Focus on the special needs of the elderly population.
• Compare the functions of the victim advocate in a criminal matter involving an adult victim and a criminal matter involving a minor victim. Note the special needs of a child victim.
• Identify the concerns of the victim advocate when assisting victims of sexual offenses, domestic violence, or intimate partner violence.
• Identify the concerns of the victim advocate when assisting crime victims who are members of the LGBTQ population, those with intellectual disabilities, and those with physical disabilities.
• Explain the role of the victim advocate in restorative justice.

Note: Refer to the Annotated Outline Overview for guidance as you create your annotated outline.

Cite any references to support your assignment.

Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

Submit your outline and your response.