- Description
CJS/255
INTRODUCTION TO CORRECTIONS
The Latest Version A+ Study Guide
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CJS 255 Entire Course Link
https://hwsell.com/category/cjs-255/
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CJS 255 Wk 1 – Concept Check
- Question 1
/ 2
When was the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) established by Congress?
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1820
1980
1930
1943
- Question 2
/ 2
What are crimes against society or a social group, which historically tended to include sacrilege as well as other crimes against religion, treason, witchcraft, incest, sex offenses of any sort, and even violations of hunting rules?
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public biases
public wrongs
public transcreations
public injustices
- Question 3
/ 2
Who published an influential treatise in 1764 titled An Essay on Crimes and Punishment, which argued against the death penalty and for the certainty rather than the severity of punishment?
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Cesare Beccaria
William Penn
Jeremy Bentham
John Howard
- Question 4
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Which of the following are the three largest state prison systems?
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Texas, Georgia, and New York
California, Texas, and Louisiana
Texas, California, and Florida
Maryland, Texas, and New York
- Question 5
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In 1790, the first American jail opened called the ______ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Main Street Jail
Walnut Street Jail
Coconut Grove Jail
Almond Court Jail
- Question 6
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______ is defined as the process whereby practitioners from a variety of agencies and programs use tools, techniques, and facilities to engage in organized security and treatment functions intended to correct criminal tendencies among the offender population.
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Justice
Police
Corrections
Courts
- Question 7
/ 2
Who worked to alleviate some of the abuses and improve sanitary conditions in correctional facilities?
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William Penn
John Howard
John Fitzgerald
Jeremy Bentham
- Question 8
/ 2
Besides the death penalty, ______ was another useful punishment between 1100 and 1700—at times this meant being exiled to another country.
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whipping
branding
stocks
banishment
- Question 9
/ 2
The earliest written code of punishment was known as the ______.
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Hammurabi’s Code
Caesar’s Code
Egyptian Code
Babylonian Code
- Question 10
/ 2
What was the name of the first reformatory, which opened in 1876?
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Auburn
Pennsylvania
Elmira
Attica
CJS 255 Wk 1 – Signature Assignment: Prisons and Punishment
Resource: Ch. 1 of Introduction to Corrections and the Federal Bureau of Prisons timeline
Imagine you are a corrections professional and have been asked to present to a high school class on how the field of corrections has evolved over time.
Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation in which you:
- Identify two historical developments in corrections and what impact they have on corrections today.
- Contrast two types of American prison models.
- Explain the most common types of punishment used in prisons. Provide your view on how effective you feel these types of punishments are and why.
Include comprehensive speaker notes. Speaker notes should mirror if you were to present the content to your audience in person.
Submit your assignment.
CJS 255 Wk 2 – Concept Check
- Question 1
A special closed-custody unit was designed at ______ to house the BOP’s worst inmates.
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Pelican Bay
USP Marion
USP Florence
Sing Sing
- Question 2
______ are underpaid in relation to other law enforcement officers.
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State police troopers
County correctional officers
County sheriff’s deputies
State appointed lawyers
- Question 3
Which is not a component of perimeter security?
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lighting
alarm systems
touch control panels
razor wire
- Question 4
The first true federal ______ facility was built in Florence, Colorado.
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medium
supermax
minimum
maximum
- Question 5
In the United States, the concept of “innocent until proven guilty” creates many problems for local jails. Which portion of the jail population is in direct conflict with the presumption of innocence?
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persons awaiting transfer to state correctional facilities
individuals being held for military tribunal
inmates awaiting transfer to another federal correctional facility
pretrial detainees
- Question 6
Which style of prison has linear cell blocks interconnected around a central enclosed space?
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campus style
courtyard style
telephone style
cluster style
- Question 7
This security facility design is in many respects, not even prisons as envisioned by most of the public.
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minimum-security facility design
direct supervision design
maximum-security design
medium-security facility design
- Question 8
This design intends to allow the staff to supervise the inmate population while negating the ability of predatory inmates to control a cell block or dormitory.
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indirect-supervision jails
sharp-supervision jails
solitary confinement jails
direct-supervision jails
- Question 9
According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), ______ are defined as “locally-operated correctional facilities that confine persons before or after adjudication. Inmates who are incarcerated have a sentence of a year or less, but the facility also incarcerates people in a wide variety of other categories.”
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day reporting centers
jails
prisons
mental institutions
- Question 10
Individuals cycling in and out of the facility, large number of persons with mental disturbances, and homeless inmate are issues commonly facing ______.
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rural prisons
metropolitan jails
rural jails
parole boards
- Question 11
The use and operation of jail facilities can be traced back to ______.
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Spain
France
Russia
England
- Question 12
A prison’s _____ security system is, ideally, a collection of components or elements that, when assembled in a carefully formulated configuration, achieve the objective of confinement with a high degree of confidence.
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outside
inside
perimeter
internal
- Question 13
The ______ was designed to allow security personnel to clearly observe all inmates without the inmates themselves being able to tell whether they were being watched.
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prison
incarceration
panopticon
jail
- Question 14
The newer prison construction during the past 40–50 years has consisted of this facility type of design.
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minimum-security facility
maximum-security facility
medium-security facility
supermax-security facility
- Question 15
Requirements of the ______ are used to guide agencies and training facilities in a number of states toward ensuring that jail officers have the requisite skills needed to perform their job assignment(s).
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Jail Training Standards (JTS)
Peace Officer Review (POR)
Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST)
Jailer Official Review (JOR)
- Question 16
This system provides all the information needed to manage data and processes for jails of any size or complexity.
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SENTRY
Smart Sense
SmartJAIL
CCTV
- Question 17
Most jails are operated by ______.
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state-level law enforcement
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
bureau of prisons (BOP)
county-level law enforcement
- Question 18
Which is not a term for supermax facilities?
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maximum-security facility
extended confinement units
Marion model
special housing units
- Question 19
Which style of prison has a number of individual buildings that are not connected?
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telephone style
Auburn/Sing Sing style
Pennsylvania style
campus style
- Question 20
Work that individuals conduct in the hope of repaying their debt to society after being found at fault for committing a criminal or deviant offense is known as ______.
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weekend confinement
community service
split sentence
shock incarceration
CJS 255 Wk 2 – Jails, Prisons, and Security Levels Worksheet
Complete the Jails, Prisons and Security Levels worksheet.
Submit your assignment.
CJS 255 Wk 3 – Concept Check
- Question 1
Which of the following is not a philosophical underpinning in corrections?
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rehabilitation
retribution
incarceration
rehabilitation
- Question 2
The ______ Division coordinates the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) personnel matters, including pay and leave administration, incentive awards, retirement, work-life programs, background investigations, adverse and disciplinary actions, and performance evaluations.
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Executive Management
Human Resource Management
Occupational Review Board
Examination Management
- Question 3
The National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals recommendation to improve the education and training of correctional officers is an example of ______.
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improving correctional cultural competence
enforcement of corrections
professionalization of corrections
diversifying corrections
- Question 4
Which act in 2014 was designed to adjust federal mandatory sentencing guidelines in an effort to reduce the size of the U.S. prison population?
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Smarter Sentencing Act
Criminal Offender Bill
Booker Act
Fair Sentencing Act
- Question 5
Who is the head administrator in a prison?
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lieutenant
major
warden
captain
- Question 6
In 2005, the Court held in United States v. Booker that federal judges no longer were required to follow the ______ that had been in effect since 1987.
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capital punishment
corporal punishment
sentencing guidelines
three strikes laws
- Question 7
Members of ______ are the most highly trained and skilled emergency response security staff.
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armed disturbance control teams
mediation control teams
disturbance control teams
special operations response teams
- Question 8
This model of management creates a formal organizational system that operates in a system that is not dependent on the specific personnel or personalities assigned within it.
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bureaucratic forms of management
authoritarian forms of management
participative method of management
proactive styles of management
- Question 9
______ circumstances magnify the offensive nature of the crime and tend to result in longer sentences.
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Aggravating
Reinforced
Mitigating
Lessened
- Question 10
The term ______ refers to persons who have been vested with an official title by the agency and who tend to be focusing on the process of completing functions of operations within the prison facility.
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response team
leadership
administrators
management
- Question 11
The most common type of local correction system is a ______.
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city-based correctional system
county-based correctional system
state-run correctional system
private institution
- Question 12
______ refers to inconsistencies in sentencing and/or sanctions that result from the decision-making process.
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Detention
Disparity
Discrimination
Prejudice
- Question 13
General deterrence is the concept of ______ an offender in public so that other observers will refrain from future criminal behavior.
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incarcerating
punishing
discouraging
retribution
- Question 14
The ______ specifies the exact length of the sentence to be served by the inmate.
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determinate presumptive sentencing
indeterminate sentencing
three strikes sentencing
deterrence sentencing
- Question 15
Who heads the National Institute of Corrections (NIC)?
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U.S. Intelligence Director
President of the United States
U.S. Attorney General
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Question 16
______ is the concept of punishing an offender in public so that other observers will refrain from future criminal behavior.
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General deterrence
Specific deterrence
Specific incapacitation
General retribution
- Question 17
______ is implemented by identifying inmates who are of particular concern to public safety and by providing those specific offenders with much longer sentences than would be given to other inmates.
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Selective retribution
Selective incapacitation
Selective parole
Selective probation
- Question 18
The ideal situation is to have a ______ who is both intelligent and experienced.
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leader
manager
supervisor
follower
- Question 19
Broad managerial documents that include goals and objectives of the agency and state the general direction in which an agency intends to operate are known as ______.
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tactical plans
bureaucratic plans
unit plans
strategic plans
- Question 20
The purpose of ______ is to make available a continuum of sanctions scaled around one or more sanctioning goals.
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intermediate sanctions
probation
parole
incarceration
CJS 255 Wk 3 – Signature Assignment: Program Comparison
Imagine you work in a correctional institution and oversee the programs offered to offenders. The budget only has room for one program at this time and you must determine which would provide the most benefit to inmates. You have been tasked with analyzing different programs and proposing one program to implement. You will provide an executive summary of your proposal to your supervisor.
Review the Corrections & Reentry page from crimesolutions.gov.
Access the following programs:
- Mentally Ill Offender Community Transition Program (Washington)
- Allegheny County (Penn.) Jail-Based Reentry Specialist Program
Create a 700- to 1,050-word executive summary in which you:
- Compare the programs by explaining the program goals, target population, and program components for each program.
- Analyze the program outcomes of each program.
- Determine which is most effective and propose a program to implement. Provide statistical research to support your proposal for your answer.
- Explain how this program will benefit your correctional institution.
Format your executive summary according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assignment.
CJS 255 Wk 4 – Concept Check
- Question 1
______ civil law made distinctions between juveniles and adults based on the notion of age of responsibility.
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Egyptian
Greek
Roman
English
- Question 2
______ is a type of classification that is nonpunitive in nature but requires the separation of inmates from the general population due to the threat that they may pose to themselves, staff, other inmates, or institutional order.
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Administration custody
Administrative segregation
Protective custody
Maximum segregation
- Question 3
Incarcerated women report being subjected to the most violence between the ages of ______ and ______.
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35; 44
5; 14
15; 24
25; 34
- Question 4
The ______ develops and implements programs within the unit to meet the individual needs of the inmates confined.
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unit manager
case manager
education advisor
correctional counselor
- Question 5
Adolescents who engage in delinquent behavior and continue criminality throughout their adulthood are known as ______ offenders.
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adolescent-only
life-course-persistent
perpetual
adolescent-limited
- Question 6
The rise in numbers of habitual elderly offenders and offenders-turned-elderly-in-prison has to do largely with ______.
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determinate sentencing policies
three-strikes felony sentencing policies
truth in sentencing policies
indeterminate sentencing polices
- Question 7
At what point do mental health care services begin within correctional facilities?
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assessment
medication
screening
treatment
- Question 8
Who directs the housing unit activities and is responsible for the unit’s operation and quality control of all correspondence and programs.
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crisis manager
unit manager
correctional officer
unit officer
- Question 9
Which Supreme Court case ruled that the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment did not require jury trials in juvenile court?
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In re Gault (1967)
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)
Breed v. Jones (1975)
Kent v. United States (1966)
- Question 10
The primary purpose within the juvenile justice system is to ______.
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protect society
restore the victim(s)
treat and reform youth
punish youth
- Question 11
Approximately ______ of state inmates had some type of mental health issue.
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21%
45%
56%
63%
- Question 12
Which Supreme Court case resulted in a decree issued for the Michigan Department of Corrections to provide female inmates access to programming that had previously been provided only to male inmates?
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Glover v. Johnson (1988)
Powell v. Alabama (1932)
Turner v. Safley (1987)
Cason v. Seckinger (1984)
- Question 13
The ______ program is an excellent example of how most programs for female offenders should be structured because it is comprehensive and demonstrates how the multitude of issues pertinent to female offenders can be addressed within a single facility while using a wide array of services within the community.
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Idaho
Maryland
Iowa
Montana
- Question 14
What is the major premise of the juvenile courts?
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to act in the best interests of the child(ren)’s parents
to act in the best interests of the community
to act in the best interests of the child(ren)
to act in the best interests of the victim(s)
- Question 15
Morris v. Travisono resulted in a detailed set of procedures for ______ prisoners who were overseen by the federal court system.
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classifying
female
gang member
transgender
- Question 16
Which goal of classification is the first and most paramount goal of the field of corrections?
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planning and controlling accountability
inmate safety
control inmate behavior
public safety
- Question 17Full credit given
Which state incarcerates the greatest number of women?
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New York
California
Pennsylvania
Texas
- Question 18Full credit given
What type of sentencing was most often used in women’s reformatories?
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indeterminate sentencing
corporal sentencing
determinate sentencing
truth-in-sentencing
- Question 19
The primary goal of ______ is to quickly identify emergency situations and inmates who might require more extensive intervention prior to placement in the prison population.
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medication
assessment
screening
treatment
- Question 20
The general public consensus is that ______ is the best sentence of sex offenders.
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capital punishment
home confinement
day reporting centers
long-term incarceration
CJS 255 Wk 4 – Correctional Populations
Imagine you work in a correctional institution and have been asked to create a strategy plan for working with specific correctional populations. Your supervisor would like you to create an executive summary of your strategy.
Select 1 correctional population to focus on.
Write a 525- to 700-word executive summary in which you:
- Describe elements in the classification process. Explain the importance of proper classification.
- Discuss what challenges are associated with special populations, such as mental ill and elderly, in the prison system. Provide examples.
- Explain strategies or considerations that are used to service special populations.
Submit your assignment.
CJS 255 Wk 5 – Concept Check
- Question 1
Reentry preparation typically begins ______ prior to the offender’s release.
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2 months
9 months
6 months
1 year
- Question 2
There are two types of prison work programs. The first type provides the inmate a trade or a skill. What does the second type do?
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teaches inmates social skills
keeps inmates productive
maintains the functioning of the prison itself
provides the inmates an education
- Question 3
The Second Chance Act was designed to improve outcomes for individual returning to ______.
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communities
schools
jails
prisons
- Question 4
Which act provided for the abolition of the Parole Commission?
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Parole Commission Act
Parole Commission and Reorganization Act
Comprehensive Crime Control Act
Second Chance Act
- Question 5
The majority of state parole board members are appointed by the state’s ______.
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Supreme Court
director of corrections
attorney general
governor
- Question 6
Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution protects the freedom of religion of inmates?
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First
Third
Eighth
Fourteenth
- Question 7
The Estelle v. Gamble decision indicated the state must provide inmates with adequate ______.
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visitation rights
medical care
freedom of press
food
- Question 8
Which event drew attention to the need to provide inmates with a better standard of care, including recreational options?
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California State Penitentiary prison riot
Establishment of the National Correctional Recreation Association
New Mexico prison riot
Attica prison riot
- Question 9
The two most common routes to achieving this in prison are the completion of the GED or the ______ Test.
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High School Diploma Test
College Bound Exam
College Entry Exam
High School Equivalency Test
- Question 10
According to the ______ prison system, common fare is a diet that meets all nutritional requirements and reasonably accommodates recognized religious dietary restrictions.
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Connecticut
Texas
Maryland
New York
- Question 11Full credit given
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) estimate that 60% to ______ of inmates in the nation’s correctional population have used drugs at some point in their lives.
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99%
90%
83%
69%
- Question 12
Due to budgetary problems within many states, recreational opportunities in many prisons are largely funded by ______.
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the inmates themselves
inmate families
external grants
charitable organizations
- Question 13
The largest percentage of parolees was convicted of ______ offenses.
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violent
public order
property
drug
- Question 14
______ revocations officers are primarily tasked with the routine holding of preliminary parole revocation hearings by reviewing allegations made by parole officers against parolees.
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Parole
Police
Correctional
Probation
- Question 15
The ______ case found support for protecting the rights of inmates to practice non-traditional religions.
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Smith v. Ohio (2000)
Theriault v. Carlson (1977)
O’Lone v. Estate of Shabazz (1987)
Cutter v. Wilkinson (2005)
- Question 16
______ can be defined as the early release of an offender from a secure facility on completion of a certain portion of their sentence; the remainder of their sentence is served in the community.
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Intermediate Sanctions
Probation
Incarceration
Parole
- Question 17
About 12% of those on parole are ______ offenders.
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female
African American
Hispanic
male
- Question 18
The Offender Accountability Plan addresses needs for ______, the need to respect the rights and privacy of prior victims, and any particular arrangements that have been made with the victim as well as any necessary provisions to ensure the offender’s responsibility to the community at large.
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capital punishment
justice
restitution
incarceration
- Question 19
The use of parole was not initially designed to consider ______, but this is now often considered in parole decisions.
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providing incentives to inmates
providing a gradual process of offender reintegration into society
behavior of inmates and their progress in work assignments and programming
prison overcrowding
- Question 20
Which type of volunteer is commonplace in most prison systems?
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recreational volunteers
food service volunteers
educational volunteers
religious volunteers
CJS 255 Wk 5 – Signature Assignment: Reentry Programs
Over the last four weeks you have learned about the correctional system, how it functions, and the various populations that it serves. The goal of corrections is not to keep people incarcerated, but to rehabilitate offenders and help them reintegrate into society. This week you will focus on reentry and community corrections programs.
Imagine you work for a community corrections agency and you are investigating new program opportunities to partner with. You have been asked to present your findings in your team meeting.
Research community correction programs and parole/probation in your state.
Create an 8- to 10-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation in which you:
- Define community corrections.
- Identify at least two community corrections programs available in your state.
- Compare the need each program is meant to address, as well as the population each is meant to serve.
- Explain how each program works.
- Describe the requirements to enter and remain in each program.
- Explain which program you feel is most effective and why. Provide support for your argument.
Include detailed speaker notes.
Incorporate at least two sources formatted according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assignment.