- Description
ENV 100T Wk 1 – WileyPLUS Week 1 Weekly Exam
People overpopulation is a situation:
that occurs when each individual in a population consumes too large a share of resources.
that results from the consumption-oriented lifestyles of people in highly developed countries.
in which there are too many people in a given geographical area.
in which the level of demand on resources is greater than the number of people in that geographic area.
Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource?
fossil fuels
water
forests
soils
Which of the following ecological footprints is the largest?
Ecological footprint of a single individual in U.S.
Ecological footprint of a single individuals in France
Ecological footprint of a single individuals in India
Ecological footprint of 6 individuals in India
Which of the following is most likely to happen if everybody in the world used resources at the rate that people in the United States do?
People would be healthier and happier worldwide.
Our current resources would run out quickly.
Violent conflicts would decrease because basic needs would be met.
Economies would prosper.
Which of the following represents an idea associated with environmental sustainability?
Many of the Earth’s resources are present in finite supply and must be used wisely
The human population can continue to grow
Our choices in what technology to use do not affect environmental quality
The capacity of the environment to absorb toxins is unlimited
All of the following describe the process of science EXCEPT:
Science seeks to reduce complexity of the natural world to general principles which are used to provide new insights.
Scientific data is collected through observation and experimentation and thus questions of science are limited to testable questions.
Conclusions inferred from collected data are often based on faith, emotion, or intuition.
Confirming the validity of new results by repeatability is a requirement of science.
A state agency has contacted you to do a scientific assessment of kudzu in a nature preserve in southern Georgia. They are concerned about the effects of the non-native invasive vine on a small rare plant that grows on the forest floor in the preserve, but which is found nowhere else in the state. Kudzu is only growing in the east side of the preserve because it hasn’t yet had time to invade further. In order to assess the effects of kudzu on the rare plant, you set up the following experiment:
Site 1. On the east side of the park with the kudzu, you set up ten 1m × 1m plots on the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant.
Site 2. On the west side of the park without the kudzu, you set up ten 1m × 1m plots of the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant.
Based solely on the data represented in the associated table, what can you report to the agency that contracted you to do this study?
Site Mean number of individuals of rare plant per plot
Site 1 1.7
Site 2 4.2
Kudzu is shading out the rare plant.
The rare plant is unaffected by the presence of the kudzu.
Fewer individuals of the rare plant grow in the presence of kudzu when compared to areas without kudzu.
It will be impossible to remove kudzu from the park because it grows too fast.
If it is true that too many people living in an area causes degradation and a destruction of natural resources, then why is it that people who live in the large metropolitan areas in the United States able to have so many more material possessions than those living in the countries to the south of US?
Our population has stopped growing and theirs is continuing to grow.
People living in these metropolitan areas have more money to spend to buy the goods.
We are using the natural resources of less developed countries to keep us supplied with goods and produce.
We recycle most of our goods.
Why is it inadequate to rely solely on science to solve environmental problems?
Science can’t prove anything so it cannot be used to solve problems.
Science can only inform decisions, but ethics are necessary to help us decide what we ought to do.
The statement is incorrect – science is the only discipline necessary to solve environmental problems.
Politics and economics are the real tools used to solve environmental problems.
Which of the following is the MOST sustainable product?
An organic pear from China.
Blueberries grown organically on commercial farms.
Corn grown in an industrialized farm as cattle feed.
A locally produced orange grown using limited amounts of pesticides.
What is a potential shortcoming in achieving environmental justice?
It is more expensive to clean-up hazardous waste in low-income communities because of the lack of technical skill in these communities.
Residents of low-income and minority communities have less involvement in the political process and may not even be aware of their exposure to increased levels of pollutants.
Minority communities tend to get more cooperation from government agencies that can help them.
Too many programs exist to serve the environmental justice needs of low-income and minority communities and these are often in competition with each other making it hard to accomplish the goals.
Which of the following is the BEST example of voluntary simplicity?
owning a car and occasionally carpooling
owning a car and motorscooter
owning one traditional car, and one hybrid car
sharing ownership of a hybrid car with someone else
Which of the actions indicated in the photographs below would be the BEST way to address the goal of mitigating climate change for achieving sustainable living:
Energy Neutral Construction
Family Planning in Egypt
Bicycle Rack in Amsterdam
Restoration in Indonesia
Energy Neutral Construction
Family Planning in Egypt
Bicycle Rack in Amsterdam
Restoration in Indonesia
Widespread adoption of sustainable consumption at the global level will not be easy because:
sustainable consumption requires the eradication of poverty which requires that poor people increase their consumption of certain essential resources to improve the quality of their lives and these resources are no longer available.
sustainable consumption requires that the consumption patterns of people in highly developed countries must change to allow for the eradication of poverty and such changes in the lifestyles of people in highly developed countries is a challenge.
sustainable consumption requires that everyone embrace voluntary simplicity on a compulsory basis and while this is supported by politicians, economists are not in support.
sustainable consumption requires the excessive reliance on global resources that will result in a tragedy of the commons.
Which of the following actions DOES NOT reflect environmental justice?
Promoting special efforts to clean up hazardous sites on Native American reservations.
Funding studies to study how environmental pollutants might interact with socioeconomic factors to cause health problems.
Helping less-developed countries cope with climate change.
All these actions reflect environmental justice.
For a population to live within the limits of its environment which of the following must occur?
1 Population growth must be held to a level that is sustainable
2 Resource consumption must be decreased
3 Quality of life must be lowered
4 Degree of affluence must be maintained
5 Environmental degradation must be reduced
1, 2, and 4
2, 3 and 5
1, 2, and 5
3, 4, and 5
1 and 2
The total income of a nation’s goods and services for a given year refers to:
natural capital sources
natural capital sinks
natural resource depletion
national income account
What is the BEST definition of preservation?
Setting aside land and natural resources.
Careful management of land and resources.
Using land and natural resources based on current needs.
Multiple use management of land and natural resources.
When consumption or production of a product has a harmful side effect that is borne by people not directly involved in the market exchange for that product, the side effect is called a(n)
marginal cost.
indirect cost.
additional cost.
external cost.
When economists adopt a market-oriented strategy to deal with pollution, they:
encourage large retailers to pollute more.
raise the cost of pollution to discourage it.
lower the cost of pollution to discourage it.
increase the demand for pollution.
Whose work helped create support for the passage of the Wilderness Act of 1964?
George Perkins Marsh
Henry David Thoreau
Wallace Stegner
Aldo Leopold
The engraving shown below is the work of ___, who became famous for his portraits of birds and other animals.
John James Audubon
Rachel Carson
George Perkins Marsh
John Muir
In the 1970s people’s realization of environmental problems including pesticides, increasing population, and loss of natural resources prompted the:
passage of the Antiquities Act.
celebration of Earth Day.
publication of The Population Bomb.
formation of the Sierra Club.
Which U.S. president established the Civilian Conservation Corps, which employed young men to plant trees, make paths and roads in national parks and forests, build dams to control flooding, and perform other activities that protected natural resources?
Grover Cleveland
Benjamin Harrison
Franklin Roosevelt
Herbert Hoover
What is the environmental significance of the process of “consumption”?
Consumption can outstrip the natural resources available and lead to overexploitation of the environment.
Extravagant consumption can create an environment of raising one’s status among peers.
The process of consumption is an economic act, providing the “demand” necessary for the “supply” of the environment.
Consumption can generate economic growth that relies significantly on the importation of natural resources, which benefits the environments of less-developed countries.
Question 2
Which of the following describes the relationship among population growth, consumption of natural resources, and environmental degradation?
When individual demands on natural resources are far greater than the requirements for survival, people in affluent nations deplete resources and degrade the global environment through increased consumption of nonessential items to satisfy their desires.
Rapid population growth does not overwhelm and deplete a country’s soils, forests, and other natural resources when the amount of resources essential to an individual’s survival is small.
Rate of resource consumption affects the environment far less that the explosion in population.
There is no relationship between population growth, consumption of natural resources, and environmental degradation.
Question 3
Non-renewable resource is to renewable resource as
living is to non-living.
limited supply is to sustainable supply.
tree is to coal.
wind energy is to fossil fuel energy.
Question 4
Examples of non-sustainable human activities or behaviors include:
recycling
attempts to limit human population growth
using technology to improve car mileage
use of non-renewable fossil fuels
Question 5
In the scientific method, a hypothesis
is a statement of fact
makes a prediction that can be tested
is usually proven to be correct
can only be tested once
Question 6
A state agency has contacted you to do a scientific assessment of kudzu in a nature preserve in southern Georgia. They are concerned about the effects of the non-native invasive vine on a small rare plant that grows on the forest floor in the preserve, but which is found nowhere else in the state. Kudzu is only growing in the east side of the preserve because it hasn’t yet had time to invade further. In order to assess the effects of kudzu on the rare plant, you set up the following experiment:
Site 1. On the east side of the park with the kudzu, you set up ten 1m × 1m plots on the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant.
Site 2. On the west side of the park without the kudzu, you set up ten 1m × 1m plots of the forest floor. In each plot you count the number of individuals of the rare plant.
Which of the following represents the hypothesis that you are testing with this experiment?
Kudzu will eventually grow on the west side of the park.
Kudzu will kill off the trees in the preserve by strangling them.
Kudzu should be removed from the preserve because it is killing the rare plant.
Kudzu is negatively affecting populations of the rare plant in the preserve.
Question 7
All of the following statements describe environmental science EXCEPT:
The goal of environmental science is to try to establish general principles about how the natural world functions.
Environmental scientists seek to develop viable solutions to environmental problems that are based as much as possible on scientific knowledge.
Since environmental problems are generally complex and scientific understanding of them is often less complete, environmental scientists are often called on to reach scientific consensus before the data are complete.
No exceptions, all of the above statements describe environmental science.
Question 8
Community members bring information, preferences, and goals that must be incorporated into a policy decisions during which of the five stages of solving an environmental problem?
Scientific assessment
Risk analysis
Public engagement
Political consideration
Long term environmental management
Question 9
What is deep ecology worldview?
A radical anthropocentric worldview.
A worldview based on the idea that all species have equal worth.
An idea that resource consumption is unethical.
An expansionist worldview.
Question 10
Sustainable human activities or behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT:
identifying strategies for recycling natural resources.
working to limit human population growth.
developing technologies to improve car mileage.
promoting consumption to improve quality of life.
Question 11
The issue that racial and ethnic minorities face unusually high exposure to environmental hazards is a central argument to:
racial prejudice
environmental justice
voluntary simplicity
phytoremediation
Question 12
What worldview does this photograph BEST represent?
A deep ecology worldview.
A sustainable consumption worldview.
A western worldview.
Any environmental worldview.
Question 13
Which of the following interact to promote sustainable development?
1 Economically viable decisions
2 Socially equitable decisions
3 Environmentally sound decisions
4 High rate of resources use
5 Rapid population growth
1 and 3
2 and 4
1, 2, and 3
3, 4, and 5
1, 4, and 5
Question 14
What does the image below represent and how does it relate to designing sustainable cities?
Residents of squatter community, like this one, must be evicted in order to achieve the goal of making cities more sustainable.
Comparing the squatter community in the foreground to the skyscrapers in the back shows how a city can be transformed when sustainable city design is embraced as a goal for re-development.
Squatter communities, due to their lower resource consumption, should be left unchanged as living in such conditions is compatible with the goals of sustainable living.
Squatter settlements should be improved to provide basic service such as clean water to drink, sewage treatment, and garbage pickup so as to provide a better quality of life for the poorest of the poor.
Question 15
Environmental sustainability implies:
the actions of humans directly impact the wellbeing of the natural environment
future generations will have the resources necessary for quality of life
the environment can function indefinitely without going into a decline from the stresses imposed by human society on natural systems
all of these choices
Question 16
A deep ecology worldview would support all of the following EXCEPT:
Nonhuman life forms have value that is independent of the usefulness they may have for narrow human purposes.
The richness and diversity of life contribute to the flourishing of life on Earth and humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.
The inherent responsibility of individuals to implement changes in society so that humans can flourish.
A spiritual respect for life reflected in appreciating quality of life rather than adhering to a high standard of living.
Question 17
What does the diagram below illustrate?
EIS
NEPA
NIMBY
Kyoto Protocol
Question 18
Pollution is considered an external cost because;
it has a harmful effect borne only by people who purchased the product that caused it.
its cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the product that produces it.
it has a significant impact on the consumer’s decision to buy the product that causes it.
it is a hidden cost that would increase demand if the consumer were aware of it.
Question 19
Which of the following definitions best describes an environmentalist?
A lawyer who works on environmental law.
Writers who write about the environmental impact of corporate America.
Someone who is concerned about the environment.
A scientist who studies the interactions of plants and animals.
Question 20
All of the following are examples of conservation EXCEPT:
Phoenicians terraced hilly farmland to prevent soil erosion
Americans set aside areas as national parks to maintain them in a pristine state
Greeks practiced crop rotation to maintain yields on farmland
English regulated the number of sheep that can graze in a particular field
Question 21
Which of the following is NOT considered in determining net domestic product?
GDP
population size
natural capital
profit from use of natural resources
Question 22
Whose name is associated with the concept of the land ethic and in which book did he make this argument?
George Perkins Marsh in Man and Nature
Henry David Thoreau in Walden
John Muir in The Yosemite
Aldo Leopold in Sand County Almanac
Question 23
Laws that impose rules and regulations and set limits of pollution are called:
command and control.
environmental impact statements.
legislative documents.
legislative directives.
Question 24
According to the graph below:
As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution decreases.
As more and more pollution is eliminated from the environment, the cost of removing each additional unit of pollution increases.
Cost of pollution removal is constant regardless of how polluted an area is.
Cost of pollution is relative to the type of pollution.
Question 25
What is the BEST definition of conservation?
Setting aside land and natural resources.
Careful management of land and resources.
Using land and natural resources based on current needs.
Protecting land and natural resources from human activity.
From the figure below we can interpret the following:
We currently have an ecological surplus of almost half an earth that can support increased population or consumption in the future.
We have an ecological overshoot as we are living beyond the 11.4 billion hectares of productive land and water that is available on earth.
The photograph below is an image of Times Square in New York City. Based on the photo, what do you think is USA’s most likely contribution to environmental problems?
- Environmental sustainability due to the population density in NYC
- People overpopulation due to the population density in NYC
- Consumption overpopulation as reflected by the advertising billboards
1 only
2 only
3 only
1 and 2 are both reflected in the photograph
The interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the non-living physical environment is termed:
I = P × A × T model can be used to calculate which of the following?
What does an ecological footprint measure? Natural resources used by each person in an area.
The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is
What is carrying capacity?
What is probably TRUE about the children living in neighborhoods like this one?
They are likely to suffer from asthma.
They are probably poor.
They probably live in a minority neighborhood.
All of these choices.
In 1987 the U.N World Commission on Environment and Development presented a report on sustainable development called?
Which of the following is key to the elimination of world poverty and stabilizing global population Educating children and improving status of women
How did NEPA revolutionize environmental protection in the United States?
Which of the following would environmental economists consider natural capital?
The soil conservation service was formed after what environmental crisis?
National income accounts are incomplete estimates of national economic performance because national income accounts do NOT include estimates of external costs such as natural resource depletion and the environmental cost of economic activities
Which of the following illustrates a major problem with using gross domestic product as a measure of national productivity?
Which of the following is NOT included in an Environmental Impact Statement?
An Environmental Impact Statement must include:
an ethical analysis of the proposed action.
short- and long-term effects and any adverse environmental effects.
solutions to any potentially adverse environmental effects.
documentation of the financial cost-benefit analysis of the proposed action.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the nature of natural resources and their use by people?
Slowing down the rate of population growth as well as reducing resource consumption levels will allow for more time to develop technological advances to find alternatives to non-renewable resources.
Even renewable resources must be used in a manner that allows for them to replenish or replace themselves and thus these resources should more accurately be considered potentially renewable and not be overexploited.
Developing countries are often faced with the difficult choice between exploiting natural resources to provide for their expanding populations in the short term (to pay for food or to cover debts) or conserving those resources for future generations.
Poverty does not impose any pressures on natural resources as the poor use barely any resources at all and what they do use is used very carefully and wisely for long term survival.
Who wrote Man and Nature, one of the first books discussing human impact on global environmental change?
Paul Ehrlich
Rachel Carson
George Perkins Marsh
John Muir
Which of the following criticisms or backlash against the environmental movement in the 20th century are TRUE?
- In the late 1990s some conservative research groups criticized what they perceived as a biased presentation of environmental issues, particularly the promotion of environmental activism, in schools.
- Many economists such as Julian Simon have countered the dangers of overpopulation by pointing out that technological advances outpace the negative impacts of population growth.
- Most of the world’s religions have rejected environmental themes by pointing out that such ideas are contrary to their religious teachings.
1 only
2 only
3 only
1 and 2
The photograph below is of the Tsukiji Market in Japan.Which of the following statements describes why there are so many Bluefin Tuna available for purchase?
What does the phrase “environmental sustainability”imply?
The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is
All of the following statements describe environmental science EXCEPT
All of the following describe the process of science EXCEPT
A state agency has contacted you to do a scientific assessment of kudzu in a nature preserve in southern Georgia. They are concerned about the effects of the non-native invasive vine on a small rare plant that grows on the forest floor in the preserve, but which is found
In the United States ecological footprint of each person is about 9.4 hectares.
Which of the following represents an idea associated with environmental sustainability?
Recommendations for achieving sustainable living include:
Recommendations for achieving sustainable living include:
Eliminate poverty.
Design sustainable cities.
Provide adequate food for all people.
All these are recommendations for sustainable living.
What is a potential shortcoming in achieving environmental justice?
Which of the following actions DOES NOT reflect environmental justice
What is meant by food insecurity?
What does the image below represent and how does it relate to designing sustainable cities
Environmental justice is BEST reflected in:
Global sustainable development depends on eradication of poverty in the developing world.What is the consequence of this?
A personal perspective based on a collection of basic values and beliefs about how the environment works,that helps us make
Having a bottle of freon cost a consumer $2,000 to pay for the damage it does to the ozone layer
when it is eventually released into the environment is an example of adding in:
- a) emission charges
- b) environmental impact statements
- c) marginal costs
- d) external costs
- e) emission reduction credits
Which of the following is TRUE about Environmental Impact Statements?
Who among the following would most likely believe that natural resources should be used for the greatest
How did NEPA revolutionize environmental protection in the United States?
In economic terms,oils and chemicals burning in the Cuyahoga River would represent
In the 1970s people’s realization of environmental problems including pesticides,increasing population
The engraving shown below is the work of ,who became famous for his portraits of birds and other
Corporations and governments began to take NEPA seriously after which of the following events?
When economists adopt a market-oriented strategy to deal with pollution,they:
The idea that species have intrinsic value would be supported by:
People with a deep ecology worldview.
People with a frontier attitude.
People with an expansionist worldview.
People with a Western attitude.
Which of the following issues might an environmental ethicist study?
The moral consequences of the use of human stem cells to control disease.
Whether NIMBY behavior is morally acceptable.
The endangered species act’s economic impact on developers.
The impacts of biodiversity loss on local ecosystem.
According to the Western worldview humanity is ethically obligated to which of the following?
other organisms
humans
biodiversity
natural resources
What is cultural diversity?
An integration program to reduce poverty and discrimination based on environmental justice.
The total variety of organisms living on planet Earth.
Earth’s variety of human communities, including, language, community, and identity.
The variety of ethnic backgrounds in a given area.
Who was the founder of the Sierra Club and a force behind the establishment of Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks?
John Muir
Henry David Thoreau
John James Audubon
Aldo Leopold
Which of the following do incentive-based strategies depend on most?
economic forces
quantitative goals
specific pollution control methods
the popularity of environmental trends