HCS 216 Week 1 Knowledge Checks- Week 1

Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Week 1 Knowledge Checks

1.

Which of the following types of cells is nervous tissue composed of besides neurons?

Epithelial cells

Muscle cells

Glial cells

Red blood cells

2.

In the context of impulse conduction, identify an accurate statement.

In an unmyelinated axon, only the sodium and potassium channels at the nodes must open for the action potential to flow through the axon.

In a myelinated axon, every single sodium and potassium channel must open for the action potential to flow through the axon.

One of the characteristics that helps determine the speed of impulse conduction is the presence of a myelin sheath.

The diameter of an axon does not affect the speed of impulse conduction along that axon.

3.

Which of the following statements is true of the internal anatomy of the spinal cord?

The posterior horn of the spinal cord is involved in motor functions, while the anterior horn is involved in sensory functions.

The spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord carries crude touch information to the brain, while the spinocerebellar tract carries information regarding position and posture to the brain.

The corticospinal tract of the spinal cord carries sensory information from the senses to the brain, while the spinothalamic tract carries motor information from the brain to the spinal cord.

The reticulospinal tract of the spinal cord carries fine-touch and vibration information to the brain, while the dorsal column tract carries orders from the brain to motor neurons in the brain stem.

4.

Which part of the brain plays the most important role in balance as well as sensory and motor coordination?

The medulla oblongata

The midbrain

The pons

The cerebellum

5.

Identify an accurate statement about the somatic sensory system.

Somatic sensation includes fine touch, crude touch, vibration, pain, temperature, and body position.

Somatic sensory information enters the spinal cord via the ventral root and synapses with the motor neurons in the dorsal horn.

Somatic sensory information travels first to the somatic sensory cortex before the thalamus and the other parts of the diencephalon.

Pain is recognized before the somatic sensory information integrates with sensation in the somatic sensory association area in the parietal lobe.

6.

Identify a difference between the two systems of the peripheral nervous system: the somatic system and the autonomic system.

The somatic system controls involuntary muscles, while the autonomic system controls voluntary muscles.

The somatic system primarily controls glandular muscles, while the autonomic system primarily controls skeletal muscles.

Unlike the neurons of the autonomic system, the neurons of the somatic system are located in the brain stem.

Unlike the neurons of the autonomic system, the neurons of the somatic system connect directly to muscles.

7.

Which of the following disorders, caused by an autoimmune attack on the peripheral myelin, Schwann cells, or peripheral axons, leads to the ascending paralysis of a limb, the face, and the diaphragm over time?

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Polio

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

Charcot Marie Tooth disease

8.

Identify an accurate statement about polio.

Polio is a form of paralysis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.

In polio, the causative virus kills neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Post-polio syndrome is a progressive weakness that appears immediately after a polio infection.

The progression of post-polio syndrome cannot be inhibited by any existing medical treatment or procedure.

9.

John meets with a serious accident while riding his bike. He is immediately rushed to a health care facility for treatment. On regaining consciousness, the doctors tell him that because of a spinal cord injury, he is now paralyzed in all four limbs. Though he is able to breathe well, he cannot move his arms or legs. Based on the information provided in this scenario, which of the following regions of John’s spinal cord is most likely injured?

The thoracic spinal cord

The region of the spinal cord below the thoracic region

The region of the spinal cord between the brain and the cervical plexus

The cervical spinal cord

10.

What term best describes the state of a patient who is suffering from a head injury and who cannot respond to his or her surroundings, but has arousal and sleep-wake cycles?

Coma

Stupor

Vegetative state

Minimally conscious state (MCS)

11.

Identify an accurate statement about Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer’s disease can be easily cured through medical therapy.

Patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease have tangles of fibers in their nerve cells and abnormal protein deposits.

Age does not affect a person’s susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease.

The risk of Alzheimer’s disease has no connection with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

12.

After experiencing episodes of tremors and unusual rigidity in his muscles, 65-year-old Chris is brought to the hospital for a medical examination. Dr. Richards examines him carefully and gives particular attention to the way he walks. Dr. Richards describes Chris’s gait as a characteristic shuffling gait, where the muscles seem to catch and then release. The doctor calls it “cogwheel” rigidity. Based on the information provided in this scenario, what is the most possible diagnosis for Chris’s condition?

Parkinson’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Charcot Marie Tooth disease

13.

Which diagnostic imaging technique requires the highest amount of radiation exposure?

Computerized tomography

Ultra sound

Magnetic resonance imaging

X-rays

14.

Identify an accurate statement about computerized tomography (CT or CAT scan).

A CT scan can give high-resolution, three-dimensional views of cross-sectional “slices” of the body.

A CT scan typically uses sound waves to distinguish between various structures in the body.

A CT scan uses magnetic energy to produce cross-sectional images of body structures.

A CT scan typically provides a one-dimensional view of structures in the body.

15.

Elena has been admitted to a health care facility. The doctors have told her that she has a tumor in her brain. The doctors advise her to get a CT scan done, along with other investigations. Later, for a better assessment of her condition, she is asked to get an MRI done. Elena goes to the radiology department, and the doctors begin the process of the scan. However, during the scan, Elena suddenly asks them to stop the procedure midway and then refuses to complete the scan. Which of the following could be a possible reason for her hesitation?

Magnetic energy causes pain while passing through the body.

Magnetic energy can cause a burning sensation.

Closed MRI machines can trigger claustrophobia.

MRI utilizes harmful x-ray radiations.

16.

What is the normal amount of cerebral spinal fluid produced in the body in a day?

200 mL

300 mL

400 mL

500 mL

17.

Which of the following statements is true of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

Normal CSF is amber in color.

CSF does not play a role in the regulation of intracranial pressure.

The normal CSF cell count is 0-5/μL.

Normally, CSF is collected by inserting a needle at the level of the cervical spine.

18.

After complaining of fevers, chills, confusion, and irritability, Esmerelda is admitted to the hospital for a thorough medical examination. During diagnosis, Dr. Phil examines a sample of Esmerelda’s cerebral spinal fluid that was collected via a lumbar puncture. On analysis of the sample, he discovers that the fluid has an abnormally high level of neutrophils. Based on the information provided in this scenario, what condition is this abnormally high neutrophil count most likely to indicate?

Cerebral abscess

Alzheimer’s disease

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Multiple sclerosis