- Description
MTH 216
QUANTITATIVE REASONING II
The Latest Version A+ Study Guide
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MTH 216 Week 3 MyMathLab® Study Plan for Week 3 Checkpoint
- 1.C Sets and Venn Diagrams
- Use two-way tables.
- 5.C Statistical Tables and Graphs
- Decide if a statement involving statistical tables and graphs makes sense.
- Construct and interpret frequency tables.
- Determine whether a variable is qualitative or quantitative.
- Construct and interpret line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, and histograms.
- Solve applications involving frequency tables and graphs.
- 5.E Correlation and Causality
- Decide if a statement involving correlation and causality makes sense.
- Interpret scatterplots.
- Determine whether variables are correlated.
- Create scatterplots.
- Quick Quiz
MTH 216 Week 3 Checkpoint
Fill in the remaining entries in the two-way table shown to the right.
A survey of 140
patrons at a restaurant gave the preferences for entrees and drinks shown to the right
Decide whether the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
I made a frequency table with two columns, one labeled “State” and one labeled “State Capitol.”
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The statement makes sense. In a frequency table, each category listed in one column has a characteristic about it in the second column. The table described in the given statement has this property.
B.
The statement does not make sense. In a frequency table, each category must have a frequency greater than 1. Because each state has exactly one capitol, each category in the table described in the given statement would have frequency 1.
C.
The statement does not make sense. In a frequency table, one of the columns lists the frequency of each category, which is the number of data values in the category. The table described in the given statement does not have this column.
D.
The statement makes sense. The set of states is clearly defined and each state has a clearly defined capitol.
Decide whether the following statements makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain your reasoning.
Your pie chart must be wrong, because you have the 45% frequency wedge near the upper left and the answer key shows it near the lower right.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The statement does not make sense. Although the student’s pie chart may be wrong for another reason, it does not matter where in a pie chart a wedge is located so long as it is labeled clearly.
B.
The statement does not make sense. The person’s pie chart is merely the mirror image of the pie chart in the answer key, so it is still correct.
C.
The statement makes sense. In a pie chart, the largest wedge should always be in the lower right.
D.
The statement makes sense. Pie charts show frequencies, which are whole numbers, and not relative frequencies, which are fractions or percentages.
Determine whether the data described are qualitative or quantitative.
The weights of subjects in a clinical trial of a new drug
Choose the correct answer below.
qualitative
quantitative
Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative.
The yes/no responses on a ballot initiative to the question “Should cigarette taxes be
increased question mark “
nothing
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The variable is qualitative because yes/no responses on a ballot initiative are nonnumerical categories.
B.
The variable is quantitative because the yes and no responses can be counted to determine the outcome of the initiative.
C.
The variable is quantitative because it is possible to count the number of responses and check that each voter gave only one.
D.
The variable is qualitative because a voter’s response on a ballot initiative depends on his or her opinions.
Use the frequency table for the ages of recent award-winning male actors at the time when they won their award to construct the corresponding histogram.
Click the icon to view the frequency table.
If X is correlated with Y, what must be true about X and Y? Explain your reasoning.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Increasing values of X go with either increasing or decreasing values of Y. A correlation exists between X and Y when higher values of X consistently go with higher values of Y or when higher values of X consistently go with lower values of Y.
B.
Increasing values of X go with increasing values of Y. A correlation exists between two variables when both variables decrease together.
C.
Increasing values of X go with either increasing or decreasing values of Y. A correlation exists between two variables when both variables increase or decrease together.
D.
X causes Y. If Y increases as X increases, then X must cause Y to change.
E.
Increasing values of X go with increasing values of Y. A correlation exists between two variables when both variables increase together.
F.
X causes Y. If Y decreases as X increases, then X must cause Y to change.
If the points on a scatterplot fall on a nearly straight line sloping upward, what do the two variables have? Explain your reasoning.
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
A weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase or decrease together, and a weak correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
B.
No correlation. The given information does not indicate a relationship between the two variables.
C.
A weak negative correlation. A negative correlation is when both variables increase together, and a weak correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
D.
No correlation. There is only a correlation between two variables when one variable decreases while the other increases.
E.
A strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase together, and a strong correlation is when the two variables lie exactly on a straight line.
F.
A strong positive correlation. A positive correlation is when both variables increase or decrease together, and a strong correlation is when the two variables lie close to a straight line.
You have found a higher rate of birth defects among babies born to women exposed to second-hand smoke. To support a claim that the second-hand smoke caused the birth defects, what else should you expect to find? Explain your reasoning.
Select the correct answer below.
A.
Evidence that these types of birth defects occur only in babies whose mothers were exposed to smoke and never to any other babies. If the birth defects are caused by second-hand smoke, then the birth defects should not be present in babies whose mothers were not exposed to second-hand smoke.
B.
Evidence that the types of birth defects in these babies are more debilitating than other types of birth defects. Second-hand smoke causes the worst kind of birth defects.
C.
Evidence that higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke. If higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke, it is more likely that the second-hand smoke is a cause of the birth defects.
D.
Evidence that these types of birth defects occur only in babies whose mothers were exposed to smoke and never to any other babies. If second-hand smoke is the cause of the birth defects, there can be no other causes.
E.
Evidence that higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke. If higher rates of defects are correlated with exposure to greater amounts of smoke, it is less likely that the second-hand smoke is a cause of the birth defects.
Which of the following best describes the correlation between accidents and texting while driving? Explain your reasoning.
Select the correct answer below.
A.
There is a common underlying cause because many of the same people who text while driving are distracted by other things on the road.
B.
There is a common underlying cause because many people make plans through texting and drive to get where they are going.
C.
It is a coincidence because texting while driving and accidents are not related.
D.
It is a coincidence because texting while driving has no effect on the driver’s ability to pay attention to the road.
E.
Texting while driving is a likely cause of accidents because texting is necessary and takes precedence over driving.
F.
Texting while driving is a likely cause of accidents because texting is a distraction from driving.