NSCI 280 Week 1 Anatomy & Physiology Revealed Worksheets

Resources: Becoming Familiar with Anatomy and Physiology Revealed, Cells and Chemistry Animations, and Digestive System; APR eBook, and the NSCI/280 Companion Site

Complete the following Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 3.0 (APR) workbook exercises and animations that correspond with this week’s readings. Download the workbook to make it easier to follow; alternatively, toggle back and forth with the Alt + Tab keys as you view the APR images.

• Ch. 1

  • Go to Introduction: Becoming Familiar with Anatomy and Physiology Revealed®of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the activities. Transfer answers to the Becoming Familiar with Anatomy and Physiology Revealed document.
  • For additional practice and to help you understand negative and positive feedback, go to Ch. 14: The Reproductive System, and complete the Animation: Female Reproductive Cycles activity.
  • Click on the Anatomy Terms dropdown menu to further help you learn the terminology used throughout this course.

• Ch. 2

  • Go to Ch. 2: Cells and Chemistry of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Animation: Glycolysis and answer the questions, p. 73. Transfer answers to the Cells and Chemistry Animations document.
  • Go to the Ch. 12: The Digestive System of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Animation: Hydrolysis of Sucrose and answer the questions, p. 679. Transfer answers to the Digestive System document.

• Ch. 3

  • Go to the Ch. 2: Cells and Chemistry of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Animations – Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, and Cotransport and answer the questions on pp. 102–104. Transfer answers to the Cells and Chemistry Animations document.

Submit completed worksheets to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week 1 Ph.I.L.S. Activities

Resource: NSCI/280 Companion Site located on the student website.

Access the NSCI/280 Companion Site.

Complete the following simulations:

• 1 – Varying Extracellular Concentration
• 3 – Cyanide and Electron Transport
• 37 – Glucose Transport

Submit completed lab reports to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week One Quiz

Chapter 1 The Human Organism

1. Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?

1. The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
2. The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
3. Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
4. Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
5. Negative feedback is not homeostatic.

1. Organize the following structural levels of the human body from simplest to most complex.

(1) cell

(2) tissue

(3) chemical

(4) organ system

(5) organ 

1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
3. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
4. 4, 2, 3, 1, 5
5. 3, 1, 2, 4, 5

1. The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

1. endocrine system.
2. cardiovascular system.
3. skeletal system.
4. respiratory system.
5. digestive system.

1. A cell is 

1. a small structure within a cell.
2. a structure composed of several tissue types.
3. the basic structural unit of plants and animals.
4. a group of organs with a common set of functions.
5. a group of cells with similar structure and function.

1. Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology? 

1. A car runs out of gas and stops.
2. A teacher marks all the wrong answers on students’ exam papers.
3. A toilet tank refills itself after a flush.
4. An automatic door opens as soon as somebody approaches it.
5. A clock ticks on a shelf.

1. Which of the following sets of directional terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites? 

1. distal and proximal
2. medial and inferior
3. superior and ventral
4. anterior and deep
5. lateral and superior

1. The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). 

1. distal
2. lateral
3. medial
4. proximal
5. superficial

1. The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the 

1. shoulder to the wrist.
2. elbow to the wrist.
3. shoulder to the elbow.
4. elbow to the fingers.
5. shoulder to the fingers.

1. Which of the following is NOT found in the epigastric region? 

1. liver
2. stomach
3. urinary bladder
4. duodenum
5. large intestine

1. The visceral pleura is 

1. a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
2. the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
3. the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
4. space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
5. the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life

1. The four most abundant elements in the human body are 

1. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron.
2. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
3. calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium.
4. carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc.
5. carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium.

1. Isotopes of the same element have 

1. the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.
2. different numbers of protons and electrons.
3. the same mass number.
4. the same atomic number but differ in their mass numbers.
5. no mass number.

1. Electrons 

1. comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.
2. are located in the nucleus of an atom.
3. have a positive charge of one.
4. are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.
5. do not participate in the bonding of atoms.

1. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction? 

1. Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
2. Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
3. Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
4. Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.
5. ATP is converted to ADP.

1. Heat energy is 

1. the form of energy that actually does work.
2. movement of ions or electrons.
3. energy that flows between objects with different temperatures.
4. stored energy that could do work but is not doing so.
5. energy that moves in waves.

1. In the reversible reaction, CO2 + H2O « H2CO3 « H+ + HCO3– , a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. What will this do to the amount of H+ in the blood? 

1. H+ will increase.
2. H+ will decrease.
3. H+ will be unchanged.

1. Solution A increases its acidity. This means that the 

1. solution is closer to neutrality.
2. pH of the solution has increased.
3. solution will now accept more protons.
4. number of hydrogen ions has decreased.
5. number of hydrogen ions has increased.

1. Phospholipids 

1. contain subunits called amino acids.
2. are water-soluble.
3. are a type of steroid.
4. are fat-soluble vitamins.
5. are found in cell membranes.

1. What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids? 

1. quaternary structure
2. tertiary structure
3. secondary structure
4. primary structure
5. peptide structure

1. Arrange the following from largest to smallest:

(1) nucleus

(2) DNA molecule

(3) skin cell

(4) chicken eggs 

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 4, 3, 1, 2
3. 3, 4, 2, 1
4. 2, 3, 1, 4
5. 4, 2, 3, 1

Chapter 3 Cell Biology and Genetics

1. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the 

1. ribosome.
2. cell.
3. organ.
4. organelle.
5. plasma membrane.

1. In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use 

1. x-rays.
2. flashlights.
3. a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
4. tissue cultures.
5. a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

1. The main components of the plasma membrane are

1. carbohydrates and lipids.
2. lipids and ions.
3. proteins and carbohydrates.
4. proteins and lipids.
5. ions and proteins.

1. When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called 

1. open-gated channels.
2. voltage-gated channels.
3. chemical-gated channels.
4. ligand-gated channels.
5. nongated ion channels.

1. In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______. 

1. membrane channels; membrane channels
2. membrane channels; lipid bilayer
3. lipid bilayer; membrane channels
4. lipid bilayer; lipid bilayer
5. None of these choices is correct.

1. In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region 

1. outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
2. inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
3. of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
4. of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
5. None of these choices is correct.

1. Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane. 

1. urea
2. oxygen
3. water
4. sodium
5. sugar

1. Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected? 

1. simple diffusion
2. osmosis
3. active transport
4. facilitated diffusion
5. filtration

1.  Organelles 

1. are extracellular structures.
2. are unspecialized portions of a cell.
3. generally lack membranes.
4. vary in number and type depending on cell function.
5. are structural, but not functional parts of the cell.

1.  Messenger RNA 

1. is synthesized when a portion of a DNA molecule is transcribed.
2. directs the synthesis of DNA.
3. determines the sequence of nucleotides in the anticodons of tRNA.
4. directs the synthesis of centrioles in the cytoplasm.
5. is not involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Week 2 Anatomy & Physiology Revealed Worksheets

Resources: The Integumentary System; APR eBook; and the NSCI/280 Companion Site

Complete the following Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 3.0 (APR) workbook exercises and animations that correspond with this week’s readings. Download the workbook to make it easier to follow; alternatively, toggle back and forth with the Alt + Tab keys as you view the APR® images.

• Ch. 4

  • Use the Search tools to search for and look at images of the following tissues:

    • Simple squamous epithelium
    • Simple cuboidal epithelium
    • Simple columnar epithelium
    • Stratified squamous epithelium
    • Pseudostratified epithelium
    • Transitional epithelium
    • Loose connective tissue
    • Osseous tissue
    • Dense connective tissue
    • Skeletal muscle tissue
    • Smooth muscle tissue
    • Cardiac muscle tissue

• Ch. 5

  • Go to Ch. 4: The Integumentary System of the APR workbook.
  • Complete exercises 4.1, 4.3a, and 4.3b. Transfer answers to the The Integumentary System document.

Submit your completed worksheets to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week Two Quiz

Chapter 4 Tissues

1. The four primary tissue types are 

1. epithelial, cartilage, muscle, and brain.
2. connective, eipithelial, skin, and blood.
3. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve.
4. glands, bone, lungs, and kidney.
5. bone, skin, blood, and muscle.

1. Epithelial tissue is characterized by 

1. tightly packed cells.
2. absence of any basement membrane.
3. extensive extracellular matrix.
4. a rich blood supply.
5. both tightly packed cells and a rich blood supply.

1. Which of the following characteristics is NOT consistent with simple squamous epithelial tissue? 

1. little extracellular material
2. rest on a basement membrane
3. has good blood supply within it
4. the cells are thin and flat (not thick)
5. acts as a permeability barrier

1. What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells? 

1. hemidesmosomes
2. zonula adherens
3. zonula occludens
4. gap junction
5. Desmosomes

1. What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules? 

1. simple cuboidal epithelium
2. simple columnar epithelium
3. stratified squamous epithelium
4. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
5. transitional epithelium

1. The secretions of endocrine glands are released directly 

1. onto the skin surface.
2. into the bloodstream.
3. into a gland duct.
4. into the nervous tissue.
5. into the lumen of a tube.

1. A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it 

1. consists of cells with much extracellular material (matrix) between them.
2. has no blood supply to the tissue.
3. covers the outside of organs.
4. is commonly found lining body cavities.
5. contracts.

1. Cartilage heals slowly after an injury because 

1. this tissue type is very complex.
2. it contains so much proteoglycan.
3. it has few, if any, blood vessels.
4. it is a dead, rather than a living, tissue.
5. it contains no fibroblasts.

1. What type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract? 

1. skeletal muscle
2. smooth muscle
3. cardiac muscle

1. Which of the following is correctly matched? 

1. neurons – supportive cells of the nervous system
2. axons – conduct action potentials away from the cell body
3. neuroglia – the conducting cell of the nervous system
4. dendrite – rapidly dividing cell
5. axon – carry action potentials toward the cell body

Chapter 5 Integumentary System

1. The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is 

1. protection from cancer.
2. production of Vitamin E.
3. detection of painful stimuli.
4. regulation of acid-base balance.
5. prevention of albinism.

1. Keratinocytes 

1. produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
2. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.
3. are special cells of the immune system.
4. are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
5. determine thickness of the skin.

1. The stratum basale 

1. is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
2. has a mixture of living and dead cells – mostly dead.
3. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
4. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.
5. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.

1. Melanin 

1. is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
2. is increased with exposure to infrared light.
3. is absent in individuals known as albinos.
4. is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
5. makes the skin lighter.

1. Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called 

1. striae.
2. cleavage lines.
3. reticular lines.
4. melanocytes.
5. papillae.

1. Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? 

1. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
2. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
3. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
4. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
5. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

1. The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the 

1. hair bulb.
2. hair root.
3. hair shaft.
4. hair follicle.
5. dermal papilla.

1. Sweat 

1. is a hypertonic fluid.
2. is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland.
3. contains only water.
4. reaches the body only through the hair follicles.
5. is not associated with emotions.

1. The nail root and the nail body attach to the 

1. lunula.
2. nail bed.
3. nail groove.
4. hyponychium.
5. hypodermis.

1. An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? 

1. fluid retention by the kidney
2. increased melanin production
3. portal of entry for microorganisms
4. loss of cell regeneration ability
5. irreversible damage to the epidermis

Week 3 Anatomy & Physiology Revealed Worksheets

Resources: The Skeletal System Exercises, and The Skull Animation, the APR eBook, and the NSCI/280 Companion Site

Complete the following Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 3.0 (APR) workbook exercises and animations that correspond with this week’s readings. Download the workbook to make it easier to follow; alternatively, toggle back and forth with the Alt + Tab keys as you view the APR images.

• Ch. 6

  • Go to Ch. 5: The Skeletal System of the APR workbook and complete exercises 5.1 & 5.2. Transfer answers to The Skeletal System Exercises document.

• Ch. 7

  • Go to Ch. 5: The Skeletal System of the APR workbook and complete exercises 5.3, 5.4, 5.11, 5.13, 5.15–5.17, 5.21, 5.29a, 5.30, 5.32, 5.35–5.38, 5.40, 5.41, 5.43, 5.44, 5.47, 5.48, 5.52, 5.57, 5.58, 5.61–5.64, & 5.70. Transfer answers to The Skeletal System Exercises document.
  • As an additional exercise in Ch. 5, view the Animation: The Skull and complete the questions on p. 167 of the APR workbook.

• Ch. 8

  • Go to Ch. 5: The Skeletal System of the APR workbook and complete Exercises 5.75, 5.77, & 5.78. Transfer answers to The Skeletal System Exercises document.
  • For additional practice and to further help you understand synovial joints, go to Ch. 5: The Skeletal System and complete the Animation: Synovial Joint activity on p. 229.
  • Click the Anatomy Terms dropdown menu. Select Movements to view movements of the joints.

Submit completed worksheets to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

NSCI 280 Week 3 Quiz

Week Three Quiz

Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

1. Important functions of the skeletal system include 

1. protection of the brain and soft organs.
2. storage of water.
3. production of Vitamin E.
4. regulation of acid-base balance.
5. integration of other systems.

1. Cartilage

1. is composed of osteons.
2. is surrounded by a membrane called the periosteum.
3. contains chondrocytes located in lacunae.
4. does not need nutrients and oxygen so it has no blood vessels.
5. is well vascularized.

1. Collagen and calcium hydroxyapatite are the primary constituents of 

1. bone matrix.
2. hyaline cartilage.
3. fibrous cartilage.
4. ligaments.
5. blood.

1. The primary function of osteoblasts is to 

1. prevent osteocytes from forming.
2. resorb bone along the epiphyseal plate.
3. inhibit the growth of bone.
4. stimulate bone growth.
5. lay down bone matrix.

1. A cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone is a 

1. ligament.
2. periosteum.
3. endosteum.
4. tendon.
5. muscle spindle.

1. A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a 

1. central canal.
2. lamella.
3. canaliculus.
4. lacuna.
5. osteocanal.

1. Which of the following is correctly matched? 

1. short bone – carpal bone
2. long bone – vertebra
3. irregular bone – femur
4. flat bone – phalanges of the toes
5. short bone – humerus

1. What is the area where marrow is located? 

1. epiphysis
2. Sharpey’s fibers
3. growth plate
4. medullary cavity
5. endosteum

1. Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification? 

1. Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts.
2. A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops.
3. Cancellous bone is formed.
4. Periosteum is formed.
5. Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.

1. Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true? 

1. Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
2. When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
3. Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
4. Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
5. Calcitonin elevates blood calcium levels.

Chapter 7 Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

1. Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? 

1. rib
2. radius
3. clavicle
4. scapula
5. coax

1. Which of the following bones are paired? (select two answers)

1. vomer
2. temporal
3. sphenoid
4. mandible
5. maxilla

1. Which of the following bones contains a sinus? 

1. Maxilla
2. nasal bone
3. occipital bone
4. zygomatic bone
5. temporal

1. Which of the following statements is true? 

1. The first cervical vertebra is called the axis.
2. The spinal cord protects the vertebral column.
3. Thoracic vertebrae have long, thin spinous processes.
4. The sacral vertebrae are superior to the lumbar vertebrae.
5. Lumbar vertebrae are generally smaller than thoracic vertebrae.

1. The opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the 

1. intervertebral disk.
2. vertebral foramen.
3. lamina.
4. intervertebral foramen.
5. spinous process.

1. The collar bone is the 

1. sternum.
2. clavicle.
3. scapula.
4. humerus.
5. atlas.

1. The acromion process 

1. is part of the clavicle.
2. articulates with the coracoid process.
3. forms the most inferior part of the glenoid fossa.
4. has no function.
5. has an articulation with the clavicle.

1. A woman pinched her phalange. She hurt her 

1. ear.
2. toe.
3. cheek.
4. finger.
5. toe or her finger.

1. Which of the following statements about the femur is TRUE? 

1. The head of the femur articulates with the tibia.
2. The medial condyle articulates with the acetabulum.
3. Both the greater and lesser trochanters are attachment sites for muscles.
4. The distal end of the tibia articulates with the femur.
5. The proximal end of the femur articulates with the tibia.

1. The tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia and the fibula is the 

1. talus.
2. cuboid.
3. navicular.
4. calcaneus.
5. patella.

Chapter 8 Articulations and Movement

1. A place where two or more bones come together is a(n) 

1. cavity.
2. joint.
3. contusion.
4. articulation.
5. joint and an articulation.

1. Joints are classified according to the 

1. bones that are united at the joint.
2. structure of the joint.
3. size of the joint.
4. shape of the joint.
5. type of fluid in the joint.

1. Cartilaginous joints 

1. are common in the skull.
2. unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage.
3. allow the most movement between bones.
4. are found in the lower leg.
5. are not found in the pelvic region.

1. Synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints 

1. use fibrous connective tissue to hold the bones in the joint together.
2. are enclosed by a joint capsule.
3. are only temporary; they are replaced in the adult.
4. generally have both bones in the joint fused together.
5. are not freely moveable.

1. Synovial fluid 

1. is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
2. is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
3. provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
4. is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
5. lines the joint everywhere except over the articular cartilage.

1. This type of joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement. 

1. saddle
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. plane
5. ball and socket

1. Which of the following movements is an example of extension? 

1. bending forward at the waist
2. kneeling
3. raising your arm laterally
4. using your finger to point out an area on a map
5. shrugging your shoulders

1. Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called 

1. circumduction.
2. rotation.
3. hyperextension.
4. supination.
5. pronation.

1. The glenoid labrum is part of the _____ joint while the acetabular labrum is part of the _____ joint. 

1. elbow; knee
2. shoulder; hip
3. shoulder; knee
4. elbow; hip
5. shoulder; elbow

1. The medial meniscus is in the 

1. neck.
2. shoulder.
3. hip.
4. knee.
5. elbow.

Week 4 Anatomy & Physiology Revealed Worksheets

Resources: The Muscular System Exercises and The Muscular System Animations; APR eBook, and the NSCI/280 Companion Site

Complete the following Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 3.0 (APR) workbook exercises and animations that correspond with this week’s readings. Download the workbook to make it easier to follow; alternatively, toggle back and forth with the Alt + Tab keys as you view the APR images.

• Ch. 9

  • Go to Ch. 6: The Muscular System in the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Animations – Skeletal Muscle, Neuromuscular Junction, Sliding Filament, Excitation-Contraction Coupling, and Cross Bridge Cycle and answer the questions on pp. 255–257. Transfer answers to The Muscular System Animations document.

• Ch. 10

  • Go to Ch. 6: The Muscular System in the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Exercise 6.1, 6.5, 6.6, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.15, & 6.16. Transfer answers to The Muscular System Exercises document.

Submit completed worksheets to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week 4 Ph.I.L.S. Activities

Resource: NSCI/280 Companion Site

Access the NSCI/280 Companion Site.

Complete the following simulations:

• 4 – Stimulus-Dependent Force Generation
• 6 – Principles of Summation and Tetanus
• 7 – EMG and Twitch Amplitude

Submit completed lab reports to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week Four Quiz

Chapter 9 Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle? 

1. body movement
2. maintenance of posture
3. respiration
4. constriction of organs
5. production of heat

1. Which of the following is true? 

1. Skeletal muscle is capable of spontaneous contraction.
2. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs.
3. Cardiac muscle cells have multiple nuclei.
4. Smooth muscle cells are long and cylindrical.
5. There is a small amount of smooth muscle in the heart.

1. Which type of muscle tissue has cells that branch? 

1. skeletal muscle
2. smooth muscle
3. cardiac muscle
4. both skeletal and cardiac muscle
5. both cardiac and smooth muscle

1. Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles from weight lifting is caused by an increase in the 

1. number of muscle fibers.
2. size of muscle fibers.
3. number of striations.
4. number of nuclei within the muscle fibers.
5. number of muscle cells.

1. Actin myofilaments 

1. resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
2. contain both myosin and tropomyosin.
3. are held in place by the M line.
4. contain strands of fibrous actin.
5. are the thickest proteins in muscle.

1. When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, 

1. calcium ions diffuse into the presynaptic terminal through voltage-gated ion channels.
2. acetylcholine moves into the presynaptic terminal.
3. a local potential is generated in the presynaptic terminal.
4. ligand-gated ion channels in the presynaptic terminal are opened.
5. nothing else happens.

1. In excitation-contraction coupling, 

1. calcium ions must bind with myosin to expose active sites on actin.
2. myosin heads bind to exposed active sites on actin.
3. cross-bridges form between myosin heads and calcium ions.
4. movement of the troponin-tropomyosin complex causes actin myofilaments to slide.
5. ATP binds to actin myofilaments.

1. Which of the following helps explain the increased tension seen in multiple wave summation? 

1. increased motor unit recruitment
2. increased concentration of calcium ions around the myofibrils
3. exposure of more active sites on myosin myofilaments
4. the breakdown of elastic elements in the cell
5. decreased stimulus frequency

1. An isotonic contraction is described as 

1. action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs.
2. a muscle produces constant tension during contraction.
3. a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction.
4. a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens.
5. a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing.

1. Which type of respiration occurs in the mitochondria? 

1. anaerobic respiration
2. aerobic respiration
3. both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

Chapter 10 Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Week 5 Anatomy & Physiology Revealed Worksheets

Resources:The Nervous System Animations, The Nervous System Exercises, and The Nervous System (pp. 319-344); APR eBook, and the NSCI/280 Companion Site

Complete the following Anatomy & Physiology Revealed® 3.0 (APR) workbook exercises and animations that correspond with this week’s readings. Download the workbook to make it easier to follow; alternatively, toggle back and forth with the Alt + Tab keys as you view the APR images.

• Ch. 11

  • Go to Ch. 7: The Nervous System of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the following animations: Action Potential Generation, Action Potential Propagation, and Chemical Synapse and answer the questions, p. 345. Transfer answers to The Nervous System Animations document.

• Ch. 12

  • Go to Ch. 7: The Nervous System of the APR workbook.
  • Complete the Animation: Typical Spinal Nerve and answer the questions, p. 349. Transfer answers to The Nervous System Animations document.
  • Complete exercises 7.20–7.24, 7.26, & 7.36 and the In Review Box on p. 353. Transfer answers to The Nervous System Exercises document.
  • View the Animation: Reflex Arc as additional practice.

• Ch. 13

  • Go to Ch. 7: The Nervous System of the APR workbook.
  • Complete all Exercises, Animations, Self Tests, and In Review Exercises on pp. 319–344. Transfer answers to The Nervous System (pp. 319–344) document.

Submit completed worksheets to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week 5 Ph.I.L.S. Activities

Resource: NSCI/280 Companion Site

Access the NSCI/280 Companion Site.

Complete the following simulations:

• 9 – Resting Potential and External [Na+]
• 10 – The Compound Action Potential
• 11 – Conduction Velocity and Temperature

Submit completed lab reports to the faculty member.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Week Five Quiz

Chapter 11 Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

1. The nervous system 

1. monitors internal and external stimuli.
2. transmits information in the form of action potentials.
3. interprets or assesses information.
4. maintains homeostasis.
5. All of these choices are correct.

1. Dendrites 

1. are the input part of the neuron.
2. conduct action potentials away from the cell body.
3. are generally long and unbranched.
4. form synapses with the microglia.
5. contain the trigger zone.

1. The blood-brain barrier 

1. permits passage of foreign substances from the blood to the neurons.
2. prohibits the transport of amino acids and glucose to the neurons.
3. prohibits the removal of waste materials from the neurons.
4. protects neurons from toxic substances in the blood.
5. does not prevent fluctuations in the composition of the blood from affecting the functions of the brain.

1. Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is 

1. from node to node on a myelinated axon.
2. on a small diameter axon.
3. on an unmyelinated axon.
4. from internode to internode.
5. from internode to node on a myelinated axon.

1. In hyperpolarization 

1. K+ ions tend to diffuse out of the cell.
2. the plasma membrane’s permeability to K+ decreases.
3. the resting membrane potential moves closer to zero.
4. Na+ ions enter the cell in large numbers.
5. the resting membrane potential becomes more positive.

1. A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn’t. This is called 

1. an all-or-none response.
2. a graded response.
3. a latent period response.
4. a relative refractory response.
5. a local response.

1. The absolute refractory period assures 

1. prolonged depolarization during the action potential.
2. completion of repolarization before another action potential.
3. that no after-potential occurs.
4. reversal of the direction of propagation of the action potential.
5. that the stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response.

1. Neurotransmitters are released from the 

1. epineurium.
2. synaptic cleft.
3. presynaptic terminal.
4. postsynaptic membrane.
5. calcium channels.

1. When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor and increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium ions, 

1. the membrane will be hyperpolarized.
2. more chloride ions will also diffuse into the cell.
3. an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will result.
4. the membrane will become impermeable to potassium ions.
5. the sodium ions diffuse out of the cell.

1. When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron, 

1. the direction of the action potential is reversed.
2. temporal summation occurs.
3. spatial summation occurs.
4. hyperpolarization occurs.
5. threshold is never reached.

Chapter 12 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

1. The thickest of the meninges is the 

1. pia mater.
2. arachnoid mater.
3. subdural space.
4. subarachnoid space.
5. dura mater.

1. The sensory root of a spinal nerve is also referred to as

1. anterior root.
2. dorsal root.
3. efferent root.
4. ventral root.
5. lateral root.

1. The muscles of the back contract to straighten so that you sit at a more erect posture and subsequently the muscles are suddenly stretched as you nod off. Which of the following best represents the sequence of events when you start to nod off?

(1) muscles of the back are stretched

(2) the muscle spindle is stretched

(3) action potentials in sensory neurons of the muscle spindles increase

(4) action potentials in alpha motor neurons of skeletal muscle fibers increase

(5) skeletal muscle of the back contract 

1. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
2. 1, 5, 2, 3, 4
3. 1, 5, 3, 2, 4
4. 5, 2, 3, 4, 1
5. 4, 5, 3, 2, 1

1. The endoneurium 

1. surrounds nerve cell bodies.
2. surrounds individual axons and their Schwann cells.
3. bundles axons into fascicles.
4. bundles fascicles into nerves.
5. surrounds nerve tracts in the spinal cord.

1. Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a 

1. ganglion.
2. dermatome.
3. cord.
4. plexus.
5. nerve.

1. An injury to the wrist that results in edema in the carpal tunnel would compress the 

1. axillary nerve.
2. radial nerve.
3. musculocutaneous nerve.
4. ulnar nerve.
5. median nerve.

1. Adduction of the thigh involves the ____________. 

1. peroneal nerve.
2. femoral nerve.
3. obturator nerve.
4. pudendal nerve.
5. tibial nerve.

1. What does “D” represent?

1. spinal nerves
2. conus medullaris
3. cervical enlargement
4. filium terminale
5. cauda equine

1. What does “E” represent? 

1. spinal nerves
2. conus medullaris
3. cervical enlargement
4. filium terminale
5. cauda equina

Chapter 13 Brain and Cranial Nerves

1. A patient with a traumatic head injury may exhibit vomiting as a result of irritation of nuclei in the 

1. pons.
2. cerebellum.
3. medulla oblongata.
4. corpora quadrigemina.
5. midbrain.

1. The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network known as the 

1. folia.
2. superior peduncle.
3. arbor vitae.
4. tentorium cerebelli.
5. vermis.

1. Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? 

1. initiates voluntary movements
2. involved in psychosomatic illnesses
3. control of balance
4. unconscious swinging of the arms while walking
5. perception of sensation

1. The limbic system involves various neural connections between

1. the medulla and pons.
2. the pons and cerebellum.
3. the cerebrum and diencephalon.
4. the diencephalon and midbrain.
5. the cerebrum and midbrain.

1. The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the 

1. telencephalon.
2. mesencephalon.
3. diencephalon.
4. metencephalon.
5. rhombencephalon.

1. Dentists anesthetize a portion of the _____ nerve to stop pain impulses from the teeth.

1. facial
2. trigeminal
3. hypoglossal
4. glossopharyngeal
5. abducens

1. Which nerve has branches that extend to the thoracic and abdominal viscera? 

1. facial nerve
2. vagus nerve
3. trigeminal nerve
4. glossopharyngeal nerve
5. accessory nerve

Chapter 14 Integration of Nervous System Functions

1. Vision is dependent upon 

1. chemoreceptors.
2. photoreceptors.
3. thermoreceptors.
4. mechanoreceptors.
5. nociceptors.

1. Specialized muscle fibers associated with detection of muscle length are

1. muscle spindles.
2. Pacinian corpuscles.
3. Ruffini’s end organs.
4. Golgi tendon organs.
5. Merkel’s disks.

1. In an ascending pathway, axons of the secondary neuron travel from the 

1. receptor to the spinal cord.
2. receptor to the brain.
3. spinal cord through the brainstem to the thalamus.
4. thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
5. spinal cord to cerebellum.

1. Which of the following functions is most likely to be performed by the visual association area? 

1. “recognizes” the face of a close friend
2. “sees” the shape of the visual image
3. “senses” pain impulses
4. “moves” the eyes
5. “sees” color

1. A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his right cerebral cortex. As a result the

1. patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg.
2. patient feels no sensations on the left side of his body.
3. patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye.
4. patient’s heart stops beating.
5. patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.

1. Lesion of the basal nuclei could cause 

1. loss of memory.
2. uncontrolled rage.
3. fluent but circular speech.
4. a slight shaking of the hands or head.
5. loss of sensation.

1. Which of these activities is associated with the right cerebral hemisphere in most people? 

1. adding numbers
2. reciting the Gettysburg address
3. painting a watercolor landscape
4. using a calculator
5. making a household budget

1. A baseball pitcher was hit on the side of the head by a line drive. When he was revived, he could not remember how many balls and strikes the batter had. This was because 

1. short-term memory had not been converted to sensory memory.
2. he lost both sensory and short-term memory.
3. long-term memory had not been converted to sensory memory.
4. he lost long-term memory.
5. None of these choices is correct.

1. The diagram illustrates sensory nerve endings in the skin. What is the function of “E”? 

1. detects deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception
2. responds to painful stimuli
3. detects bending of hair
4. detects touch, involved in 2-point discrimination
5. detects continuous touch or pressure