ENV/320

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

The Latest Version A+ Study Guide

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ENV 320 Entire Course Link

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ENV 320 Wk 1 – Environmental Laws Paper

Select one of the following environmental laws that may be of most interest to you, or request instructor approval for a law that is not on the list:

• Clean Air Act of 1970 and Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
• Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974
• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
• Endangered Species Act of 1973
• Oil Pollution Act of 1990
• Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you include the following:

• Describe the purpose, creation, enforcement, and revisions of your chosen environmental law. Include any relevant historical information that led to its passage and a summary of the purpose of the law as it relates to human health and the environment.
• Identify which federal and state government environmental agencies enforce your chosen law and compare the agency’s roles in protecting the environmental resources.
• Most environmental laws passed by the legislative branch result in the enforcing agencies writing regulations that will implement the law. Describe where in the Code of Federal Regulations you would find regulations for your chosen law.
• Summarize the benefits that your chosen law will make to the environment and human health, in your state or city. Include in your discussion how the law addresses either the “Tragedy of the Commons”, the free-rider problem, or pollution as an externality.
• Based on your research, compare the benefits of the law to the costs that it may impose on society and draw conclusions on the adequacy of the law to achieve its purpose.

Cite at least four references, two of which must be peer-reviewed.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

ENV 320 Wk 2 – Pollutants Presentation

Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with notes on any of the following topics:

• Criteria air pollutants
• Indoor air pollution
• Coastal contamination (water quality issues)

Address the following on your topic of choice:

• What are the primary pollutants?
• What harmful environmental, ecological, and/or human health effects do they cause?
• What are the primary rules and regulations that address those particular issues?

Format citations and references consistent with APA guidelines.

ENV 320 Wk 3 Team – Environmental Assessment and Recommendation Plan

Read the following scenario, as a Learning Team, to perform an environmental assessment:

Your team works for an environmental consulting firm that has a client who has just purchased a local municipal golf course. There are two issues that they have requested your team to investigate and make recommendations on the following:

• The golf course property includes several breeding grounds for mosquitoes, including wetlands and retention ponds. Surrounding the golf course perimeter are residential areas. The state has been concerned over several incidences of West Nile Virus (WNV) and your client is interested in controlling mosquito populations in the wetland and pond areas through the use of a pesticide known as Malathion.
• The previous owners did not manage waste at their facility properly. The facility maintenance area has four 55-gallon drums of unmarked liquids stored behind the maintenance shed, several showing signs of leakage. There are several piles of lime near the maintenance shed; and three cabinets of old paint, spray lubricants and cleaners, solvents, and oily rags with a strong solvent smell that were used in maintaining equipment. The property includes a pro shop and a restaurant and bar where food will be prepared and eaten.

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word report that would make recommendations to the company. The report must include the following:

• Perform a risk assessment to determine if your team would recommend the use of Malathion for mosquito control. Use the four-step risk assessment model in Ch. 7 of your text in evaluating the risks of using Malathion, and not using Malathion and the associated risk of WNV cases. Include all aspects that may be of interest to your client–the ecological, human health, and short- and long-term economic aspects.
• Conduct a regulatory analysis of any components of the Toxic Substances Control Act or Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act that might need to be considered if your client chooses to use Malathion.
• Develop a brief waste management plan–determine any possible existing non-compliances with waste regulations, provide a list of wastes, their regulatory classification, and your recommendations on how they should be stored and disposed. Include plans for handling the situation in the maintenance barn to comply with federal and state regulations.

Cite at least four references.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

ENV 320 Wk 4 – Energy Policy and Natural Resources Outline

Prepare a 350- to 700-word outline of the Energy Policy and Natural Resources Presentation due in Week 5. The outline should include the layout of the presentation, key points, supporting details, and references to be used.

ENV 320 Wk 4 – International Environmental Law Paper

Select one of the following environmental topics:

• Ozone layer depletion
• Global climate change
• Transboundary air pollution
• Ocean overfishing

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper in which you address the following:

• Describe your topics–characterize the nature of the problem, its effects on human health or the environment, and some history of the problem.
• Explain how conventional law or customary law may play a role in solving your environmental problems, and what extent the global commons is a factor.
• Research at least two peer-reviewed articles on your topics that address solutions.
• Compare and contrast several solutions and recommend a solution to the problem of your choice. Include a discussion of U.S. policies that should be considered to address the problem.

Cite at least four references, including the two peer-reviewed articles.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

ENV 320 Wk 5 – Energy Policy and Natural Resources Presentation

You are part of a consulting group that has been invited by the presidential administration to present on energy policies and the use of natural resources.

Discuss the following in a 15- to 20-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with notes:

• History of U.S. energy policies over the 20th and 21st centuries
• Comparison of coal, nuclear, and at least two renewable energy sources in terms of environmental effects, suitability for large-scale energy supply, and economic considerations
• Recommendations to the administration on how to improve the current energy policies considering environmental sustainability and economic growth
• Perform research on the Roadless Area Conservation Rule and the Bush administration’s attempt at its repeal. Present both sides of this issue and make recommendations regarding the continuance of the Roadless Rule.

Cite at least three references.

Format citations and references consistent with APA guidelines.

ENV 320 Wk 5 – Final Examination

Prepare to take a final examination.

Your final exam is attached. It has 50 multiple choices. Please download the file, answer the questions and save it on WORD format and post it for grading. This is a closed book, closed note exam. Honor code is on.

Please note that your final exam will NOT be returned to you.

Which of the following is not considered one of the threshold issues that must be met before one can bring a lawsuit?

1. standing.
2. ripeness.
3. case or controversy.
4. none of the above (all must be present).
5. To render a binding decision in a case, a court must have
6. subject matter jurisdiction.
7. jurisdiction over the person.
8. either A or B.
9. both A and B.
10. Federal judges
11. are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
12. are allowed to serve for life, assuming “good behavior.”
13. are elected.
14. both a and b.

4 .   The purpose of serving the summons and complaint is to

1. give the defendant notice of the pending action against her.
2. give the court jurisdiction over the defendant.
3. give the court subject matter jurisdiction over the case.
4. both a and b.

5. A case challenging a statute as violating a person’s rights under the U. S. Constitution.
6. must be heard in a state court.
7. must be heard in a federal court.
8. may be heard in either state or federal court.
9. must be heard in the U. S. Court of Claims.
10. The federal district court and the court of common pleas have concurrent jurisdiction over
11. cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution.
12. most cases requiring the interpretation of a federal statute.
13. both a and b.
14. none of the above.
15. A case challenging a statute as violating a person’s rights under the U. S. Constitution.
16. must be heard in a state court.
17. must be heard in a federal court.
18. may be heard in either state or federal court.
19. must be heard in the U. S. Court of Claims.
20. Criminal law
21. is statutory law.
22. places the burden of proof on the prosecutor.
23. both a and b.
24. none of the above.

9. Administrative agencies are controlled by
10. Congress’ ability to give them their powers through enacting their enabling statutes.
11. Congress’ exercise of its oversight authority.
12. both a and b.
13. none of the above.
14. Exempted rulemaking
15. includes rulemaking that involves foreign policy, military secrets, and personnel rules.
16. is exempted from the requirement having a public hearing.
17. both a and b.
18. neither a nor b.
19. The court’s standard of review will give the greatest deference to any agency’s decision when the plaintiff
20. is challenging the procedures used by the agency.
21. is challenging the agency’s interpretation of a statute.
22. is challenging the factual basis for the agency’s action.
23. none of the above (the same standard of review applies in all cases).
24. All rules made by administrative agencies must be
25. published as proposed rules in the Federal Register.
26. published as final rules in the Federal Register at least 30 days before they are to go into effect.
27. both a and b.
28. neither a nor b.

13. Before a rule promulgated by a federal agency becomes law, it must be
14. published in final form in the Federal Register.
15. approved by a Senate Oversight Committee.
16. both a and b.
17. none of the above.
18.    Grand juries
19. are used in only criminal cases.
20. are used in only civil cases.
21. are used to decide the facts in a case.
22. both a and c.
23. The most impressive result of the Clean Air Act so far has been
24. the reduction of lead emissions.
25. the reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.
26. the reduction of dioxin emissions.
27. the reduction of ozone emissions.
28. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990
29. prohibits oil tankers that do not have double hulls from sailing in U. S. waters.
30. increased the liability of parties responsible for oil spills, including operators of vessels.
31. stopped the construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline.
32. none of the above.

17. Which of the following was an administrator of the EPA during the second Bush administration?
18. Christine Whitmire.
19. Stephen Johnson.
20. Both a and B.
21. none of the above.
22. The CEQ
23. was one of the largest federal agencies.
24. promulgated regulations pertaining to the implementation of NEPA procedures with respect to the EIS process.
25. no longer exists.
26. both b and c.
27. The Safe Drinking Water Act establishes drinking water standards that are applicable to
28. bottled water.
29. municipal water supply systems.
30. private wells.
31. all of the above.
32. The MCL for drinking water
33. is determined by the EPA and is stricter than the MCLG.
34. takes into account the feasibility of attaining the standard.
35. must be developed for pollutants on the Contaminant Candidate List (CCL).
36. both a and c.
37. Registration of a pesticide automatically terminates after
38. 4 years.
39. 5 years.
40. 10 years.
41. 12 years.

22.     The Rotterdam Convention (the PIC) requires that parties to the Convention must
23. stop their usage of all banned hazardous substances.
24. provide export notification to importing countries when a chemical is banned in the exporting country.
25. cease exporting banned pesticides to developing nations.
26. both a and c.
27. Which of the following is not a requirement for a hazardous waste landfill?
28. a double liner along the bottom and sides
29. a leachate collection system above and between the liners
30. a comprehensive groundwater monitoring system
31. all of the above
32. The “Swampbuster Bill”
33. fines those who convert wetlands to land for growing crops.
34. renders those who converted wetlands to land for growing crops after December, 1985 ineligible for most federal farm benefits, unless the conversion had minimal effects.
35. provides money for developing swamp lands in Florida.
36. both a and b.
37. Which of the following is not one of the basic international environmental law principles?
38. the principle of due diligence.
39. the principle of international autonomy.
40. the principle of good neighborliness.
41. the principle of equitable utilization of shared resources.

26. Which of the following is not contained in the EIS?
27. a statement of any adverse negative environment impacts that cannot be avoided if the proposal is carried out.
28. alternatives to the proposal, including taking no action.
29. both a and b.
30. none of the above.

__27.      Tort law was an ineffective means of controlling pollution because

1. many times judges would grant only permanent damages rather than an injunction as a remedy, and this remedy allowed the pollution to continue.
2. many times the pollution was a public nuisance, for which a suit could be filed only by a public official, and such officials were often reluctant to sue a company which provided jobs for the community.
3. proof in these cases was often difficult.
4. all of the above.
5. Which of the following is not a conventional air pollutant?
6. ozone.
7. sulfur dioxide.
8. both a and b (neither is a conventional pollutant).
9. none of the above (both are conventional pollutants).

29. Which was not an early act regulating air quality?
30. Air Pollution Control Act of 1955.
31. Motor Vehicle Control Act of 1960.
32. Clean Air Act of 1963.
33. none of the above.

30. Dischargers of conventional pollutants must meet
31. the most stringent pollution control technology standards.
32. the least stringent pollution control technology standards.
33. BAT.
34. none of the above.
35. Potential sources of contamination of groundwater do not include:
36. home septic tank systems.
37. hazardous waste land disposal facilities.
38. underground storage tanks.
39. none of the above.
40. The goals of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 will be furthered by an office within the EPA that will be responsible for
41. developing and improving methods of coordinating and making available to the public, data collected under federal statutes.
42. identifying barriers to source reduction and recommending to Congress ways to eliminate these barriers.
43. both a and b.
44. neither a nor b.
45. Federal environmental legislation
46. has been continually strengthened by each succeeding administration.
47. is one of the newest areas of law, with most environmental laws having been passed after 1978.
48. both a and b.
49. none of the above.

34. Acid rain can be defined as
35. rain with pH higher than 7.
36. rain that is more acidic than “natural rain.”
37. rain with a pH level less than 5.
38. rain with a pH level between 5 and 7.
39. Which of the following is not currently regulated as a hazardous air pollutant?
40. radionuclides.
41. vinyl chloride.
42. Both of the above are regulated.
43. Neither of the above are regulated.

36. A waste will be considered hazardous under the RCRA if
37. it is included on one of the EPA’s three lists of hazardous wastes.
38. it has the characteristics of toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity.
39. both a and b.
40. none of the above.
41. Which President is considered to be the first who worked toward a comprehensive national energy policy?
42. Woodrow Wilson.
43. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
44. Richard Nixon.
45. Gerald Ford.
46. The Migratory Bird Rule
47. was promulgated by the EPA.
48. prohibits hunters from shooting birds that migrate across states.
49. was recently struck down by the Supreme Court.
50. allows bird watchers to sue persons who kill or poison birds.
51. Which of the following is not a waterborne disease?
52. cholera.
53. typhoid fever.
54. shigellosis.
55. none of the above.

__40.      Which of the following is not one of the options the EPA may exercise within 45 days of receiving a PMN?

1. Limit the amount to be produced, sold or processed.
2. Prohibit the sale or manufacture of the chemical.
3. Require further testing and temporarily prohibit manufacture and sale until the data is provided.
4. none of the above.
5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of toxic substance regulated under TSCA?
6. Tendency to bioaccumulate.
7. Extremely low dosages may have harmful effects.
8. Harmful effects may not show up for a long time.
9. None of the above.
10. Which of the following is not a policy of TSCA?
11. Industry must provide data as to the environmental effects of chemicals.
12. Government needs the authority to prevent unreasonable risks of harm to human health and the environment.
13. Government must exercise its authority in such a manner as to not stifle the development of technology.
14. none of the above.

43. Which of the following was not a goal included in the EPA’s 1989 national strategy for municipal solid waste management?
44. increase recycling and source reduction
45. ban construction of new landfills after the year 2000
46. improve the safety of solid waste management facilities
47. none of the above
48. The RCRA regulates
49. hazardous waste
50. non-hazardous waste
51. municipal waste
52. all of the above
53. Which of the following is not a source of groundwater contamination?
54. landfills
55. underground storage wells
56. both a and b
57. none of the above
58.    Which of the following was not an objective of Carter’s National Energy Plan?
59. increasing federal spending for research and development of new technology for energy conservation and productivity.
60. centralize federal energy planning through institutional reform.
61. achieve greater energy efficiency through selective use of market forces and a major expansion of federal regulatory policy.
62. none of the above.
63.    Which of the following is not a problem associated with nuclear energy?
64. prematurely deteriorating pipes at many plants.
65. plant workers who weren’t well trained respond to equipment alfunctions.
66. nuclear waste for which there was no permanent place for disposal.
67. none of the above.
68. Which of the following are benefits of wetlands?
69. Wetlands provide food and habitat for many species.
70. Wetlands help control shoreline erosion.
71. Wetlands help improve the quality of drinking water.
72. All of the above.
73. Which of the following is not a United Nations sponsored program?
74. Global Environmental Monitoring System.
75. World Commission on Economic Development.
76. both a and b.
77. none of the above.
78. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Fauna and Flora (CITES)
79. is designed to prohibit the international trafficking in wildlife species and products that are endangered
80. is implemented in the United States through the Endangered Species Act.
81. is the most heavily enforced international environmental treaty.
82. both a and b.