ENV 320 Wk 5 – Final Examination

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ENV 320 Wk 5 - Final Examination
ENV 320 Wk 5 – Final Examination
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ENV 320 Wk 5 – Final Examination

Prepare to take a final examination.

Your final exam is attached. It has 50 multiple choices. Please download the file, answer the questions and save it on WORD format and post it for grading. This is a closed book, closed note exam. Honor code is on.

 

Please note that your final exam will NOT be returned to you.

 

Which of the following is not considered one of the threshold issues that must be met before one can bring a lawsuit?

  1. standing.
  2. ripeness.
  3. case or controversy.
  4. none of the above (all must be present).
  5. To render a binding decision in a case, a court must have
  6. subject matter jurisdiction.
  7. jurisdiction over the person.
  8. either A or B.
  9. both A and B.
  10. Federal judges
  11. are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
  12. are allowed to serve for life, assuming “good behavior.”
  13. are elected.
  14. both a and b.

4 .   The purpose of serving the summons and complaint is to

  1. give the defendant notice of the pending action against her.
  2. give the court jurisdiction over the defendant.
  3. give the court subject matter jurisdiction over the case.
  4. both a and b.

 

  1. A case challenging a statute as violating a person’s rights under the U. S. Constitution.
  2. must be heard in a state court.
  3. must be heard in a federal court.
  4. may be heard in either state or federal court.
  5. must be heard in the U. S. Court of Claims.
  6. The federal district court and the court of common pleas have concurrent jurisdiction over
  7. cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution.
  8. most cases requiring the interpretation of a federal statute.
  9. both a and b.
  10. none of the above.
  11. A case challenging a statute as violating a person’s rights under the U. S. Constitution.
  12. must be heard in a state court.
  13. must be heard in a federal court.
  14. may be heard in either state or federal court.
  15. must be heard in the U. S. Court of Claims.
  16. Criminal law
  17. is statutory law.
  18. places the burden of proof on the prosecutor.
  19. both a and b.
  20. none of the above.

 

  1. Administrative agencies are controlled by
  2. Congress’ ability to give them their powers through enacting their enabling statutes.
  3. Congress’ exercise of its oversight authority.
  4. both a and b.
  5. none of the above.
  6. Exempted rulemaking
  7. includes rulemaking that involves foreign policy, military secrets, and personnel rules.
  8. is exempted from the requirement having a public hearing.
  9. both a and b.
  10. neither a nor b.
  11. The court’s standard of review will give the greatest deference to any agency’s decision when the plaintiff
  12. is challenging the procedures used by the agency.
  13. is challenging the agency’s interpretation of a statute.
  14. is challenging the factual basis for the agency’s action.
  15. none of the above (the same standard of review applies in all cases).
  16. All rules made by administrative agencies must be
  17. published as proposed rules in the Federal Register.
  18. published as final rules in the Federal Register at least 30 days before they are to go into effect.
  19. both a and b.
  20. neither a nor b.

 

  1. Before a rule promulgated by a federal agency becomes law, it must be
  2. published in final form in the Federal Register.
  3. approved by a Senate Oversight Committee.
  4. both a and b.
  5. none of the above.
  6.    Grand juries
  7. are used in only criminal cases.
  8. are used in only civil cases.
  9. are used to decide the facts in a case.
  10. both a and c.
  11. The most impressive result of the Clean Air Act so far has been
  12. the reduction of lead emissions.
  13. the reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.
  14. the reduction of dioxin emissions.
  15. the reduction of ozone emissions.
  16. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990
  17. prohibits oil tankers that do not have double hulls from sailing in U. S. waters.
  18. increased the liability of parties responsible for oil spills, including operators of vessels.
  19. stopped the construction of the Trans-Alaska pipeline.
  20. none of the above.

 

  1. Which of the following was an administrator of the EPA during the second Bush administration?
  2. Christine Whitmire.
  3. Stephen Johnson.
  4. Both a and B.
  5. none of the above.
  6. The CEQ
  7. was one of the largest federal agencies.
  8. promulgated regulations pertaining to the implementation of NEPA procedures with respect to the EIS process.
  9. no longer exists.
  10. both b and c.
  11. The Safe Drinking Water Act establishes drinking water standards that are applicable to
  12. bottled water.
  13. municipal water supply systems.
  14. private wells.
  15. all of the above.
  16. The MCL for drinking water
  17. is determined by the EPA and is stricter than the MCLG.
  18. takes into account the feasibility of attaining the standard.
  19. must be developed for pollutants on the Contaminant Candidate List (CCL).
  20. both a and c.
  21. Registration of a pesticide automatically terminates after
  22. 4 years.
  23. 5 years.
  24. 10 years.
  25. 12 years.

 

  1.     The Rotterdam Convention (the PIC) requires that parties to the Convention must
  2. stop their usage of all banned hazardous substances.
  3. provide export notification to importing countries when a chemical is banned in the exporting country.
  4. cease exporting banned pesticides to developing nations.
  5. both a and c.
  6. Which of the following is not a requirement for a hazardous waste landfill?
  7. a double liner along the bottom and sides
  8. a leachate collection system above and between the liners
  9. a comprehensive groundwater monitoring system
  10. all of the above
  11. The “Swampbuster Bill”
  12. fines those who convert wetlands to land for growing crops.
  13. renders those who converted wetlands to land for growing crops after December, 1985 ineligible for most federal farm benefits, unless the conversion had minimal effects.
  14. provides money for developing swamp lands in Florida.
  15. both a and b.
  16. Which of the following is not one of the basic international environmental law principles?
  17. the principle of due diligence.
  18. the principle of international autonomy.
  19. the principle of good neighborliness.
  20. the principle of equitable utilization of shared resources.

 

  1. Which of the following is not contained in the EIS?
  2. a statement of any adverse negative environment impacts that cannot be avoided if the proposal is carried out.
  3. alternatives to the proposal, including taking no action.
  4. both a and b.
  5. none of the above.

__27.      Tort law was an ineffective means of controlling pollution because

  1. many times judges would grant only permanent damages rather than an injunction as a remedy, and this remedy allowed the pollution to continue.
  2. many times the pollution was a public nuisance, for which a suit could be filed only by a public official, and such officials were often reluctant to sue a company which provided jobs for the community.
  3. proof in these cases was often difficult.
  4. all of the above.
  5. Which of the following is not a conventional air pollutant?
  6. ozone.
  7. sulfur dioxide.
  8. both a and b (neither is a conventional pollutant).
  9. none of the above (both are conventional pollutants).

 

  1. Which was not an early act regulating air quality?
  2. Air Pollution Control Act of 1955.
  3. Motor Vehicle Control Act of 1960.
  4. Clean Air Act of 1963.
  5. none of the above.

 

  1. Dischargers of conventional pollutants must meet
  2. the most stringent pollution control technology standards.
  3. the least stringent pollution control technology standards.
  4. BAT.
  5. none of the above.
  6. Potential sources of contamination of groundwater do not include:
  7. home septic tank systems.
  8. hazardous waste land disposal facilities.
  9. underground storage tanks.
  10. none of the above.
  11. The goals of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 will be furthered by an office within the EPA that will be responsible for
  12. developing and improving methods of coordinating and making available to the public, data collected under federal statutes.
  13. identifying barriers to source reduction and recommending to Congress ways to eliminate these barriers.
  14. both a and b.
  15. neither a nor b.
  16. Federal environmental legislation
  17. has been continually strengthened by each succeeding administration.
  18. is one of the newest areas of law, with most environmental laws having been passed after 1978.
  19. both a and b.
  20. none of the above.

 

  1. Acid rain can be defined as
  2. rain with pH higher than 7.
  3. rain that is more acidic than “natural rain.”
  4. rain with a pH level less than 5.
  5. rain with a pH level between 5 and 7.
  6. Which of the following is not currently regulated as a hazardous air pollutant?
  7. radionuclides.
  8. vinyl chloride.
  9. Both of the above are regulated.
  10. Neither of the above are regulated.

 

  1. A waste will be considered hazardous under the RCRA if
  2. it is included on one of the EPA’s three lists of hazardous wastes.
  3. it has the characteristics of toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, or reactivity.
  4. both a and b.
  5. none of the above.
  6. Which President is considered to be the first who worked toward a comprehensive national energy policy?
  7. Woodrow Wilson.
  8. Franklin D. Roosevelt.
  9. Richard Nixon.
  10. Gerald Ford.
  11. The Migratory Bird Rule
  12. was promulgated by the EPA.
  13. prohibits hunters from shooting birds that migrate across states.
  14. was recently struck down by the Supreme Court.
  15. allows bird watchers to sue persons who kill or poison birds.
  16. Which of the following is not a waterborne disease?
  17. cholera.
  18. typhoid fever.
  19. shigellosis.
  20. none of the above.

__40.      Which of the following is not one of the options the EPA may exercise within 45 days of receiving a PMN?

  1. Limit the amount to be produced, sold or processed.
  2. Prohibit the sale or manufacture of the chemical.
  3. Require further testing and temporarily prohibit manufacture and sale until the data is provided.
  4. none of the above.
  5. Which of the following is not a characteristic of toxic substance regulated under TSCA?
  6. Tendency to bioaccumulate.
  7. Extremely low dosages may have harmful effects.
  8. Harmful effects may not show up for a long time.
  9. None of the above.
  10. Which of the following is not a policy of TSCA?
  11. Industry must provide data as to the environmental effects of chemicals.
  12. Government needs the authority to prevent unreasonable risks of harm to human health and the environment.
  13. Government must exercise its authority in such a manner as to not stifle the development of technology.
  14. none of the above.

 

  1. Which of the following was not a goal included in the EPA’s 1989 national strategy for municipal solid waste management?
  2. increase recycling and source reduction
  3. ban construction of new landfills after the year 2000
  4. improve the safety of solid waste management facilities
  5. none of the above
  6. The RCRA regulates
  7. hazardous waste
  8. non-hazardous waste
  9. municipal waste
  10. all of the above
  11. Which of the following is not a source of groundwater contamination?
  12. landfills
  13. underground storage wells
  14. both a and b
  15. none of the above
  16.    Which of the following was not an objective of Carter’s National Energy Plan?
  17. increasing federal spending for research and development of new technology for energy conservation and productivity.
  18. centralize federal energy planning through institutional reform.
  19. achieve greater energy efficiency through selective use of market forces and a major expansion of federal regulatory policy.
  20. none of the above.
  21.    Which of the following is not a problem associated with nuclear energy?
  22. prematurely deteriorating pipes at many plants.
  23. plant workers who weren’t well trained respond to equipment alfunctions.
  24. nuclear waste for which there was no permanent place for disposal.
  25. none of the above.
  26. Which of the following are benefits of wetlands?
  27. Wetlands provide food and habitat for many species.
  28. Wetlands help control shoreline erosion.
  29. Wetlands help improve the quality of drinking water.
  30. All of the above.
  31. Which of the following is not a United Nations sponsored program?
  32. Global Environmental Monitoring System.
  33. World Commission on Economic Development.
  34. both a and b.
  35. none of the above.
  36. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Fauna and Flora (CITES)
  37. is designed to prohibit the international trafficking in wildlife species and products that are endangered
  38. is implemented in the United States through the Endangered Species Act.
  39. is the most heavily enforced international environmental treaty.
  40. both a and b.