ENV 100T Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

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ENV 100T Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
ENV 100T Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
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ENV 100T Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this week’s readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended that you first complete this week’s Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing this exam.

Complete the Week 2 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam covering this week’s assigned readings:

  • Ch. 5: How Ecosystems Work
  • Ch. 6: Ecosystems and Evolution
  • Ch. 7: Human Population Change and the Environment

Note: Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure to post at least two times each week in the online classroom to avoid being auto-dropped from the course.

 

 

How does the phosphorus cycle DIFFER from the carbon cycle?

 

 

 

 

There is little or no human impact on the phosphorus cycle.

 

 

Phosphorus is not a critical component of living organisms.

 

 

The hydrosphere plays a role in the phosphorus cycle.

 

 

The atmosphere does not contribute to the phosphorus cycle.

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is NOT a component of the hydrosphere?

 

 

 

 

sea ice.

 

 

tropical rainstorms.

 

 

soil.

 

 

hail.

 

 

 

 

Approximately what percentage of the atmosphere is CO2?

 

 

 

 

0.001%

 

 

0.04%

 

 

10%

 

 

30%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

 

 

 

 

Predation only favors the predator with the evolution of more efficient ways to catch prey.

 

 

Predation only favors the prey with the evolution of more efficient ways to escape predators.

 

 

Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of capture.

 

 

Predation exerts a selective force on the predator, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of prey capture.

 

 

 

 

 

Question 5

In the carbon cycle, carbon can be found in:

 

 

 

limestone, animals, and plants.

 

 

oil, bicarbonate, and sugar.

 

 

carbon dioxide and coal.

 

 

all of these choices.

 

 

 

 

 

What is nitrogen fixation?

 

 

 

 

the conversion of gaseous nitrogen into an organism friendly form ammonia (NH3).

 

 

preplanned setting of atmospheric levels of nitrogen at 78%.

 

 

stabilizing elemental nitrogen into a gaseous two-atom molecule (N2).

 

 

the reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to gaseous nitrogen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following accurately represents a sequential portion of the nitrogen cycle?

 

 

 

N2 in the atmosphere — ammonification — nitrification — plants

 

 

N2 in the atmosphere — nitrification — plants

 

 

dead organic material — ammonification — nitrification — plants

 

 

plant proteins — animal proteins — nitrification — N2 in the atmosphere

 

 

 

 

Photosynthesis is:

 

 

 

 

A physical law, which states that when energy is converted from one form to another, some of it is degraded into heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment.

 

 

The biological process that captures light energy and transforms it into the chemical energy of organic molecules, which are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water.

 

 

The measure of the amount of usable energy available to do work in the universe.

 

 

The process that involves potential energy being converted to kinetic energy.

 

 

 

 

 

What process is illustrated in the figure?

 

 

 

 

Ecological niches

 

 

Primary succession

 

 

Secondary succession

 

 

Resource partitioning

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is the best definition of a biome?

 

 

 

 

A distinct aquatic ecosystem, surrounded by wetlands and terrestrial upland.

 

 

A large distinct terrestrial region similar climate, soil, organisms, regardless of its global location.

 

 

One of several types of forests occurring across the globe.

 

 

A natural association that consists of all the populations of different species that live and interact together within an area at the same time.

 

 

 

 

 

Using the figure below determine which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?

 

 

 

Human and pig

 

 

Human and yeast

 

 

Duck and rattlesnake

 

 

Moth and tuna

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following BEST describes the kind of ecosystem shown here?

 

 

1 River

2 Lake

3 Freshwater wetland

4 Marsh

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

3 only

 

 

4 only

 

 

 

 

 

The shallow-water area along the shore of a lake or pond is called the:

 

 

 

 

limnetic zone

 

 

littoral zone

 

 

profundal zone

 

 

headwater zone

 

 

 

 

 

Which biome is most suitable for the development of farmland?

 

 

 

 

taiga.

 

 

tropical rain forest.

 

 

temperate grassland.

 

 

chaparral.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which biome is mismatched with the statement that follows it?

 

 

 

 

Tropical rain forest: plants grow in layers — canopy, understory

 

 

Tundra: a layer of permafrost

 

 

Boreal forest: well suited for agriculture because of short growing season and mineral-poor soil

 

 

Chaparrals have many plants that are fire-adapted and grow best following a fire.

 

 

 

Which of the following biomes is NOT known for its wood and lumber production?

 

 

 

 

temperate rain forest

 

 

taiga

 

 

chaparral

 

 

temperate deciduous forest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is likely to happen to the population represented by the age structure pyramid labeled C?

 

 

 

 

It will have a very large population of young people soon.

 

 

It should remain stable in the coming years.

 

 

It will begin to decline soon.

 

 

It should grow substantially in the future.

 

 

 

 

 

What conclusions can be drawn about the populations shown in the age structure pyramids below?

 

 

 

 

 

The populations are likely to increase in size in the near future.

 

 

The elderly people are dying more quickly than in the past.

 

 

Fertility rates in these countries are high.

 

 

The populations are in either slow or zero growth and thus quite stable.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The graph below is a record of the population size of reindeer on one of the Pribilof Islands off the coast of Alaska where they were introduced in 1911. If it is known that the availability of winter forage determines the carrying capacity for reindeer, what can be interpreted from this graph?

 

 

 

 

The population crashed due to overgrazing by the reindeer.

 

 

An environmental resistance factor like disease caused the population to decline somewhat.

 

 

Some reindeer were lost to predation by wolves.

 

 

Some reindeer emigrated to another island.

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is an example of environmental resistance?

 

 

 

 

Unlimited resources

 

 

Predation

 

 

Ideal conditions

 

 

High growth rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What can be concluded from the graphs below?

 

 

 

Countries with the largest potential for future increases in population are in Asia.

 

 

Countries with the largest aging population are in Oceania.

 

 

Since lower fertility rates lead to an aging population, it explains why the population of Europe has more elderly than the population of North America.

 

 

Currently about 8% of the world population is under the age of 15 and about 27% is over the age of 65.

 

 

 

 

Which of the following factors affects the total fertility rate for human populations today?

 

 

 

 

Availability of family planning services

 

 

Cultural and religious traditions

 

 

Governmental policies

 

 

All of these choices

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is a factor that limits population growth?

 

 

 

 

Biotic potential.

 

 

Doubling time.

 

 

Natural increase.

 

 

Environmental resistance.

 

The graph below is a record of human population growth over time. What can be interpreted from this graph

 

 

 

 

Human population is being regulated by environmental resistance factor like disease.

 

 

Human populations are currently growing exponentially.

 

 

Humans are the largest population on the planet.

 

 

Human populations are growing globally during to migration.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Question 1

 

 

 

Which of the following processes plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle?

 

 

 

erosion

 

 

nitrogen fixation

 

 

combustion

 

 

cellular respiration

 

 

 

 

Question 2

 

 

 

The nitrogen cycle is one of the most important and complex of the biogeochemical cycles. Why is nitrogen important?

 

 

 

It’s an Ozone depleting gas

 

 

It’s an essential part of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (DNA)

 

 

It’s the most toxic element to living organisms

 

 

Nitrogen dilutes the oxygen in the atmosphere causing respiratory problems

 

 

 

 

Question 3

 

 

 

 

What is landscape ecology?

 

 

 

the study of human-designed communities.

 

 

the study of the influences of pollution on natural ecosystems.

 

 

a science exclusively concerned with terrestrial ecosystems.

 

 

the study of the connections among various ecosystems.

 

 

 

 

Question 4

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

 

 

 

Predation only favors the predator with the evolution of more efficient ways to catch prey.

 

 

Predation only favors the prey with the evolution of more efficient ways to escape predators.

 

 

Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of capture.

 

 

Predation exerts a selective force on the predator, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of prey capture.

 

 

 

 

Question 5

 

 

 

 

What do we call an area of land that runoff drains into?

 

 

 

watershed

 

 

estuary

 

 

groundwater

 

 

niche

 

 

 

 

Question 6

 

 

 

 

How would an ecologist classify both the animals shown below?

 

 

 

 

 

decomposers

 

 

primary consumers

 

 

producers

 

 

carnivores

 

 

 

 

Question 7

 

 

 

 

Nitrogen gas accounts for what percentage of the atmosphere?

 

 

 

0.03%

 

 

1%

 

 

approximately 50%

 

 

78%

 

 

 

 

Question 8

 

 

 

 

What is an organism’s role, or lifestyle, within the structure of an ecosystem called?

 

 

 

habitat.

 

 

trophic level.

 

 

symbiotic relationship.

 

 

ecological niche.

 

 

 

 

Question 9

 

 

 

What biome is most likely to have the following temperature and rainfall profile?

 

 

 

 

 

savanna

 

 

boreal forest

 

 

tropical rainforest

 

 

temperate deciduous forests

 

 

 

 

Question 10

 

 

 

Which of the following statements about wildfires is TRUE?

 

 

 

They are always damaging for natural environments.

 

 

They release nutrient minerals that were locked in dry organic material.

 

 

They encourage the growth of shade-resistant plants.

 

 

They result in the destruction of the underground stems and buds of grasses.

 

 

 

 

Question 11

 

 

 

 

Individuals within a population each have a unique combination of traits, which is known as:

 

 

 

Genetic variation.

 

 

Reproductive capacity.

 

 

Evolution.

 

 

Differential reproductive success.

 

 

 

 

Question 12

 

 

 

Where would you expect to find the littoral zone of a lake?

 

 

 

Shallow water area along the shore

 

 

Open water area farther from shore with enough sunlight for photosynthesis

 

 

Deepest known, where light typically does not penetrate effectively

 

 

Bottom region where organisms tend to attach themselves to one spot

 

 

 

 

Question 13

 

 

 

 

Which of the following biomes has the HIGHEST biodiversity?

 

 

 

boreal forest

 

 

temperate grassland

 

 

temperate rain forest

 

 

tropical rain forest

 

 

 

 

Question 14

 

 

 

 

Which of the following organizational hierarchies is correct?

 

 

 

ecosystem landscape community biome

 

 

biome community landscape ecosystem

 

 

community ecosystem landscape biome

 

 

landscape community ecosystem biome

 

 

 

 

Question 15

 

 

 

 

Which of the following organisms would be members of a pioneer community on bare rock?

 

 

 

grass

 

 

lichens

 

 

shrubs

 

 

ferns

 

 

 

 

Question 16

 

 

 

 

Which of the following does NOT apply to freshwater wetlands?

 

 

 

Anaerobic conditions

 

 

Accumulation of organic material

 

 

Water-tolerant vegetation

 

 

Drought resistant plants

 

 

 

 

Question 17

 

 

 

 

What are the three main ecological categories of organisms found in aquatic ecosystems?

 

 

 

plankton, nekton, fish

 

 

plankton, benthos, littoral

 

 

plankton, nekton, benthos

 

 

benthos, mangal, littoral

 

 

 

 

Question 18

 

 

 

 

Compact development in urban areas benefits the environment in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

 

 

 

by reversing the trend towards urbanization.

 

 

by reducing air pollution.

 

 

by preserving rural areas.

 

 

by increasing open space.

 

 

 

 

Question 19

 

 

 

 

Which factors eventually cause birth rates to decline during a demographic transition?

 

 

 

Birth rates decline due to improved health care and modern medicines.

 

 

Birth rates decline due to increased education of women.

 

 

Birth rates decline due to increased contraceptive use.

 

 

All of these choices ultimately contribute to declining birth rates.

 

 

 

 

Question 20

 

 

 

 

How do demographers typically measure mortality (death) rate?

 

 

 

deaths per 1000 persons per year.

 

 

deaths per person per year.

 

 

the number of children who die per year.

 

 

the total number of deaths per generation.

 

 

 

 

Question 21

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements about the graph shown is TRUE?

 

 

 

 

 

Only Nigeria’s population growth rate is increasing.

 

 

China’s and Brasil’s fertility rate is below replacement level fertility.

 

 

Only Egypt’s fertility rate is above replacement level fertility.

 

 

Mexico and Brazil are both below replacement level fertility.

 

 

 

 

 

Question 22

 

 

 

 

Why are high fertility rates generally prevalent in developing countries?

 

 

 

Children contribute to the family’s livelihood.

 

 

Children must care for aging parents.

 

 

Male children are culturally more desirable, so families continue to have children until male children are born.

 

 

All of the choices.

 

 

 

 

Question 23

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements about population ecology is TRUE?

 

 

 

Population ecology only deals with declining populations that are in need of intervention in order to survive.

 

 

Population ecology focuses on individuals and their interactions, but not the abiotic environment.

 

 

Population ecology attempts to explain how and why the number of individuals in a given area changes over time.

 

 

Population ecology is not important to scientists in applied disciplines, such as wildlife management.

 

 

 

 

Question 24

 

 

 

 

What is the cause of global human population growth over the last 200 years?

 

 

 

Higher birth rate

 

 

Higher fecundity rate

 

 

Increase in immigration

 

 

Lower death rate

 

 

 

 

Question 25

 

 

 

 

What can be interpreted for the following two graphs regarding literacy and fertility rates?

 

 

 

 

 

In general, there are more illiterate men than women.

 

 

The total number of children a woman has during her life is affected by her education – the more educated a woman is, the greater the number of children she has.

 

 

Almost 70% of Bangladeshi women and 50% of Bangladeshi men are able to read and write.

 

 

Based on the connection between education and fertility rates, one would predict that the fertility rate in Mexico would be lower than the fertility rate in Ethiopia as literacy rates are higher in Mexico.