ENV 100T Week 3 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

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ENV 100T Week 3 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
ENV 100T Week 3 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
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ENV 100T Week 3 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this week’s readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended that you first complete this week’s Learning Path and Self-Test learning activities prior to completing this exam.

Complete the Week 3 Exam covering this week’s assigned readings:

  • Ch. 12: Mineral and Soil Resources
  • Ch. 13: Land Resources
  • Ch. 14: Agriculture and Food Resources

Note: Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure to post at least two times each week in the online classroom to avoid being auto-dropped from the course.

 

 

The soil layer that accumulates leached nutrients and minerals is called ___ or the ___.

 

 

 

 

topsoil…A-horizon.

 

 

subsoil…B-horizon.

 

 

weathered parent material…C-horizon.

 

 

litter…O-horizon.

 

 

 

The removal of dissolved minerals from the soil as water moves downward is called:

 

 

 

 

erosion

 

 

leaching

 

 

deposition

 

 

decomposition

 

 

 

Soil is composed of:

 

 

 

 

mineral particles

 

 

organic materials

 

 

air

 

 

all of the above

 

 

 

 

What type of mine is illustrated in the photographs below?

 

A

 

 

B

 

 

 

 

 

A = strip mine; B = shaft mine

 

 

A = open-pit mine; B = strip mine

 

 

A = slope mine; B = shaft mine

 

 

A = open-pit mine; B = slope mining

 

 

 

 

 

Soil erosion is primarily attributed to:

 

 

 

 

wildfires, surplus soil organisms and dense vegetation.

 

 

poor agricultural practices, overgrazing and deforestation.

 

 

weathering, excessive tillage and coastal location.

 

 

exhaustion of parent material, severe climate and leaching.

 

 

 

 

What would be a good way to prevent further soil erosion?

 

 

 

 

Planting trees and perennial plants

 

 

Installing retaining walls

 

 

Increasing fertilizer use

 

 

Desalinization of soil

 

 

 

 

Which of the following minerals is INCORRECTLY paired with its use(s)?

 

 

 

 

aluminum – electrical wiring

 

 

iron – steel

 

 

sand – glass and concrete

 

 

sulfur – making plastics and wallboard

 

 

 

 

 

The Wilderness Act of 1964:

 

 

 

 

established five new national parks.

 

 

limits the percentage of an area that can be developed for human habitation and other activities.

 

 

allows the U.S. government to set aside federally owned land that retains its primeval character and lacks permanent improvements.

 

 

established wilderness areas, but only within existing national parks.

 

 

 

 

 

Fifty percent of all the wood that is harvested from the world’s forests is:

 

 

 

 

made into furniture

 

 

used in producing paper

 

 

burned directly as fuelwood

 

 

used to make children’s toys

 

 

 

 

Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology?

 

 

 

 

They contribute greatly to the world’s carbon and oxygen cycles.

 

 

They retard soil erosion.

 

 

They contain much of the world’s biodiversity.

 

 

All of the above.

 

 

 

 

 

Conventional forestry practices that manage for timber production:

 

 

 

 

involve planting a collection of specific species of commercially important trees, but thinning or removing only those trees that are not ecologically desirable.

 

 

are reflected in the planting of a monoculture of young pines that are all the same age and are planted in rows a fixed distance apart.

 

 

reduce the use of insecticides and fungicides as managed forests are at less susceptible to disease and damage from insect pests.

 

 

increase forest diversity because managed forests offer a lot of one kind of food, and thus can support a larger variety of organisms than typically found in natural forests.

 

 

 

 

 

In the US land is managed by four government agencies, of which the ___ is the only one NOT in the Department of the Interior.

 

 

 

 

National Park Service

 

 

U.S. Forest Service

 

 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

 

 

Bureau of Land Management

 

 

 

 

Sustainable forestry:

 

 

 

 

seeks to conserve forests for the long-term commercial harvest of timber and non-timber forest products by maintaining a mix of forest trees, by age and species, rather than imposing a monoculture.

 

 

due to the complexity of goals, is most effective when it involves cooperation among environmentalists, loggers, farmers, indigenous peoples, and local, state, and federal governments.

 

 

approaches vary from one forest ecosystem to another, in response to different environmental, cultural, and economic conditions.

 

 

is all of the above.

 

 

 

 

 

The photograph below shows a ___ since the trees are of uniform size and age and are all of the same species.

 

 

 

 

 

 

seed tree formation

 

 

clear-cut forest

 

 

shelterwood forest

 

 

tree plantation

 

 

 

 

In one tree harvesting model called ___, in the first year of harvest, undesirable tree species and dead or diseased trees are removed and then subsequent harvests occur at intervals of several years, allowing time for remaining trees to grow.

 

 

 

 

clear-cutting

 

 

even-age harvesting

 

 

selective cutting

 

 

shelterwood cutting

 

 

 

 

 

In terms of sustainable agriculture, what is being done at point A in the diagram below to minimize commercial inorganic fertilizer inputs?

 

 

 

  1. using monoculture to minimize different forms of fertilizers needed
  2. using legume-based crops for nitrogen fixation
  3. using flat land to control fertilizer runoff
  4. using animal manure

 

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

3 only

 

 

4 only

 

 

2 and 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the green revolution?

 

 

 

 

the storage of germplasm in seed banks

 

 

development of high-yield crops that require intensive industrial cultivation methods

 

 

agricultural production that does not use pesticides, irrigation or artificial fertilizers

 

 

a shift from industrialized agriculture to subsistence-oriented croplands

 

 

a renovation of agricultural practices to decrease the amount of calories produced per acre

 

 

 

 

 

If pesticide from a farm runs off into Lake Michigan, which organism in the lake’s food chain would test highest for the pesticide?

 

 

 

 

macroinvertebrates (shrimp)

 

 

zooplankton (microscopic animals)

 

 

phytoplankton (algae)

 

 

forage fish (perch)

 

 

fish eaters (birds)

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements about pesticides is false?

 

 

 

 

The prolonged use of a particular pesticide can cause a pest population to develop genetic resistance to it.

 

 

Most pesticides affect more species than the pests for which they are intended.

 

 

Pesticides applied to agricultural lands tend to stay where they are applied.

 

 

Most pesticides are chemically stable and do not degrade readily in the environment.

 

 

Pesticides reduce the amount of crop loss through consumption by insects.

 

 

 

 

Question 1

 

 

Which of the following statements about nutrient cycling is TRUE?

 

Bacteria and fungi are involved in nutrient cycling as they decompose detritus transforming large organic molecules into small inorganic molecules, including carbon dioxide, water, and nutrient minerals like nitrates.

 

 

Nutrient cycling is the pathway of various nutrient minerals or elements from the environment through organisms and back to the environment.

 

 

Nonliving processes are also involved in nutrient cycling, such as the weathering of the parent material replaces some nutrient minerals lost through erosion.

 

 

All of the above statements are true about nutrient cycling.

 

 

 

 

Question 2

What is the MAIN requirement of reclaiming land degraded by any type of mining operation?

 

 

 

To restore them to the same type of ecosystem that existed before mining began on that site.

 

 

To stabilize the soil so that further degradation does not occur.

 

 

To create areas for housing subdivisions.

 

 

To comply with federal law.

 

 

 

 

Question 3

 

Which minerals would be used to make the following products?

 

 

 

A = zinc; B = gypsum

 

 

A = molybdenum; B = sulfur

 

 

A = mercury; B = potassium

 

 

A = nickel; B = magnesium

 

 

 

 

Question 4

 

Subduction occurs:

 

 

 

when one tectonic plate slides underneath another.

 

 

due to mining activities.

 

 

because of the Coriolis effect.

 

 

on the leeward side of a mountain.

 

 

 

 

Question 5

 

Planting the same crop year after year:

 

 

 

increases damage by insects and disease.

 

 

decreases soil erosion.

 

 

does not deplete essential nutrients from the soil.

 

 

will slowly increase crop yields.

 

 

 

 

Question 6

 

The TWO main reasons that certain areas are not suitable for agriculture are:

 

 

 

soil is too dry and soil has chemical problems (e.g. salinization)

 

 

soil is too shallow and soil is too wet

 

 

soil is too wet and soil is too dry

 

 

soil is frozen and soil has chemical problems (e.g. salinization)

 

 

 

 

Question 7

 

 

Why does this soil have no O-horizon?

 

 

 

 

 

The O- horizon has been plowed under for agriculture.

 

 

Considerable leaching has eliminated the O- horizon.

 

 

Soil erosion has eliminated the O- horizon.

 

 

Forest soils like this one have no O-horizon.

 

 

 

 

Question 8

 

Which of the following statements about soil is NOT TRUE?

 

 

 

Soil consists of mineral and organic matter modified by the natural actions of agents such as weather, wind, water, and organisms.

 

 

Soil formation is a continuous process that takes a long time, sometimes thousands of years, both because the process of rock disintegrating into fine mineral particles is slow, and time is also required for organic material to accumulate in the soil.

 

 

An area’s terrain influences soil formation — steep slopes encourage soil formation and accumulation while valleys discourage the formation of deep soils.

 

 

Minerals, the main component of soil, provide anchorage and essential nutrient minerals for plants, as well as pore space for water and air.

 

 

 

 

Question 9

 

 

Increased soil erosion may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

 

 

 

construction of buildings.

 

 

construction of roads.

 

 

construction of shelterbelts.

 

 

clearcutting large forested areas.

 

 

 

 

Question 10

 

Sustainable forestry:

 

 

 

seeks to conserve forests for the long-term commercial harvest of timber and non-timber forest products by maintaining a mix of forest trees, by age and species, rather than imposing a monoculture.

 

 

due to the complexity of goals, is most effective when it involves cooperation among environmentalists, loggers, farmers, indigenous peoples, and local, state, and federal governments.

 

 

approaches vary from one forest ecosystem to another, in response to different environmental, cultural, and economic conditions.

 

 

is all of the above.

 

 

 

 

Question 11

 

The area shown in the photograph below is an example of:

 

 

 

clear cutting

 

 

contour farming

 

 

monoculture

 

 

selective cutting

 

 

 

 

Question 12

 

How are wilderness areas different from national parks?

 

 

 

Only wilderness areas contain large populations of predators like wolves or grizzly bears.

 

 

No human development is allowed in wilderness areas.

 

 

Except for research purposes, people are not allowed to visit wilderness areas.

 

 

Wilderness areas allow grazing and some timber removal.

 

 

 

 

Question 13

 

 

In the US land is managed by four government agencies, of which the ___ is the only one NOT in the Department of the Interior.

 

 

 

National Park Service

 

 

U.S. Forest Service

 

 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

 

 

Bureau of Land Management

 

 

 

 

Question 14

A legal agreement that protects privately owned rangelands, forests or other property from development for a specified number of years is termed:

 

 

 

a public rangeland.

 

 

a national park.

 

 

a conservation easement.

 

 

a wildlife corridor.

 

 

 

 

Question 15

 

Which of the following is NOT a way to slow deforestation?

 

 

 

By replanting trees.

 

 

By managing commercial logging operations.

 

 

By promoting additional slash-and-burn agricultural practices.

 

 

By discouraging plantation style agriculture of crops like bananas and palm oil.

 

 

 

 

Question 16

 

Federally owned land encompasses all of the following EXCEPT:

 

 

 

land that that contains important resources such as minerals and fossil fuels

 

 

land that possesses historical or cultural significance

 

 

land that provides critical biological habitat

 

 

no exceptions, all of the above are examples of federally owned land

 

 

 

 

Question 17

 

 

Habitat corridors are intended to provide:

 

 

 

additional habitat fragmentation.

 

 

increase in species richness within forest monocultures.

 

 

a means for controlling insect pests and invasive species.

 

 

a means of migration so animals can interbreed.

 

 

 

 

Question 18

 

Subsistence agricultural practices are characterized by all of the following attributes except

 

 

 

use of manure as fertilizer.

 

 

use of draft animals for labor source.

 

 

water and fossil fuel energy conservation.

 

 

high crop yield per acre.

 

 

limited use of agrochemicals.

 

 

 

 

Question 19

 

One of the problems associated with the “green revolution” is that

 

 

 

not enough food is produced for developing countries.

 

 

it is confined to highly developed countries.

 

 

it makes developing countries dependent on high-energy consuming imported technologies.

 

 

it has been rejected by developing countries due to conflicts with customary practices.

 

 

technology is not advanced enough to make it cost effective.

 

 

 

 

Question 20

 

Pesticides are effective in

 

 

decreasing the cost of subsistence farming.

 

 

increasing the crop damage due to competition with weeds.

 

 

small concentrations but not in large concentrations.

 

 

controlling some organisms that cause diseases in humans.

 

 

attracting particular insects to an area.

 

 

 

 

 

Question 21

 

The move away from using techniques that produce high yield and toward methods that focus on long-term sustainability of the soil is known as

 

 

 

habitat fragmentation.

 

 

subsistence agriculture.

 

 

industrialized agriculture.

 

 

the green revolution.

 

 

the second green revolution.

 

 

 

 

Question 22

 

Which of the following is not a problem associated with industrial agriculture?

 

 

 

soil erosion

 

 

depletion of fossil fuels

 

 

disposal of livestock wastes

 

 

habitat fragmentation

 

 

none, these are all problems associated with industrial agriculture

 

 

 

 

 

Question 23

 

Which of the following uses of pesticide can lead to ecological imbalance?

 

 

 

pesticides alter the genetic resistance in populations causing the pests to persist.

 

 

pesticides kill prey thereby causing predators to starve or migrate. Then the prey population rebounds larger than before since predators are gone.

 

 

bioaccumulation of pesticides in animal tissue can lead to extinction of species.

 

 

pesticides show mobility, moving other than where they were applied inadvertently killing non-pest organisms.

 

 

all of the above.

 

 

 

 

Question 24

The decline of Peregrine falcons in the United States due to the use of DDT is an example of?

 

 

 

 

 

biological magnification

 

bioaccumulation

 

genetic resistance

 

green revolution

 

biological resistance

 

 

 

Question 25

Which type of pesticide has fewer deleterious environmental effects? Why?

 

 

 

narrow-spectrum pesticide because it focuses on killing specific organisms

 

 

narrow-spectrum pesticide because it stays exactly where it is sprayed

 

 

broad-spectrum pesticide because it moves around the environment to reach all potential pests

 

 

broad-spectrum pesticide because insects cannot develop resistance to it

 

 

neither broad and narrow-spectrum pesticides have deleterious environmental effects