ENV 100T Week 4 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

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ENV 100T Week 4 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
ENV 100T Week 4 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)
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ENV 100T Week 4 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam (2019 New)

In this graded assignment, you are assessed on the content covered in this weeks’ readings, activities, and assignments. To help you prepare, it is recommended that you first complete this week’s Learning Path and Self-Test Learning Activities prior to completing this exam.

Click on the Assignments link in WileyPLUS to access the Week 4 Exam.

Complete the Week 4 WileyPLUS Weekly Exam covering this week’s assigned readings:

  • Ch. 8: Air and Air Pollution
  • Ch. 9: Global and Atmospheric Changes
  • Ch. 10: The Ocean and Fisheries
  • Ch. 16: Solid and Hazardous Wastes

Note: Work submitted in WileyPLUS does not count toward attendance. Be sure to post at least two times each week in the online classroom to avoid being auto-dropped from the course.

Question 1

 

 

 

Smaller cars, removal of sulfur from coal, and cooler combustion temperatures are examples of ways to:

 

 

 

reduce the total amount of pollutants produced.

 

 

reduce total amounts of pollutants after they are produced.

 

 

conserve energy.

 

 

reduce CFC production.

 

 

 

 

Question 2

 

 

 

 

Why did lead pollution decrease significantly after the creation of the Clean Air Act?

 

 

 

Lead is now removed from coal before it is used as fuel.

 

 

Electrostatic precipitators mandated by the Clean Air Act have greatly decreased the amount of lead being emitted from smokestacks.

 

 

Catalytic converters in cars greatly reduce the amount of lead emitted.

 

 

Leaded gasoline was outlawed.

 

 

 

 

Question 3

 

 

 

 

Electrostatic precipitators use electrical charges to attract and track what pollutants?

 

 

 

Ozone.

 

 

Particulates.

 

 

Sulfur oxides.

 

 

Nitrogen oxides.

 

 

 

 

Question 4

 

 

 

 

Which other indoor air pollutant increases the risk of radon-related cancers?

 

 

 

Formaldehyde from carpets and furniture.

 

 

Tobacco smoke from cigarettes.

 

 

Para-dichlorobenzene from moth balls and air fresheners.

 

 

Nitrogen oxides from unvented gas stoves.

 

 

 

 

Question 5

 

 

 

 

The National Academy of Sciences estimate 12% of all lung cancers are related to radioactivity caused by which of the following?

 

 

 

The burning of coal.

 

 

Nuclear power plants.

 

 

Residual atmospheric radiation related to nuclear weapons testing.

 

 

Natural emissions that occur as uranium breaks down.

 

 

 

 

Question 6

 

 

 

 

Why are illnesses from indoor air pollution often overlooked?

 

 

 

They resemble common ailments like colds or flu.

 

 

They usually result long after exposure.

 

 

They only occur in developing countries.

 

 

They are easily controlled using modern healthcare.

 

 

 

 

Question 7

 

 

 

 

What helps maintain global oxygen concentrations in the troposphere?

 

 

 

Oxygen levels remain balanced by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

 

 

Photosynthesis replaces oxygen loss to air pollutants like NOx, SOx, and ozone.

 

 

The burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution has helped maintain oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere.

 

 

Excess oxygen is broken down by ozone in the upper atmosphere.

 

 

 

 

Question 8

 

 

 

 

Which of the following activities is responsible for the largest percentage of human-made carbon dioxide emissions?

 

 

 

burning fossil fuels

 

 

deforestation

 

 

ozone depletion

 

 

acid deposition

 

 

agriculture

 

 

 

 

Question 9

 

 

 

 

Although widespread thermometer records have only been kept since the mid-19th century, scientists can reconstruct historical temperature data in the following ways except:

 

 

 

tree ring analysis

 

 

air bubbles in ancient ice

 

 

ocean sediment

 

 

fossilized dinosaur bones

 

 

 

 

Question 10

 

 

 

 

Which of the following activities will not mitigate global climate?

 

 

 

developing energy alternatives like wind and solar

 

 

switching to hybrid cars

 

 

planting and maintaining forests

 

 

eating more beef

 

 

 

 

Question 11

 

 

 

The figure reflects the differences in how sunlight strikes the Earth at different places. Which of the statements below can be inferred from this diagram?

 

 

 

  1. Desk lamp A represents the vertical angle of the sun at the equator showing that sunlight is more concentrated here.
  2. Desk lamp B represents the oblique angle of the sun at the equator showing that there is a larger area over which the sun shines.
  3. Desk lamps A and B represent the possible different angles of the sun striking the northern hemisphere in the summer depending on how the Earth’s axis tilts – A means a hotter summer, B means a cooler one.

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

3 only

 

 

1 & 2 only

 

 

 

 

Question 12

 

 

 

 

What can be interpreted from the following graph?

 

 

 

  1. The graph shows that the Earth’s surface temperatures do naturally fluctuate.
  2. The graph shows that there has been a warming trend in the last several decades.

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

1 & 2

 

 

None of these choices

 

 

 

 

Question 13

 

 

 

 

What is the fate of solar radiation that reaches the Earth?

 

 

 

Most solar radiation is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.

 

 

Most solar radiation is reflected by snow, ice, and light colored land.

 

 

Most solar radiation is absorbed by the land and ocean.

 

 

An equal amount of solar radiation is absorbed by land, air, and water as is reflected back into space.

 

 

 

 

Question 14

 

 

 

 

The area of land drained by a single river or stream is called:

 

 

cisterns.

 

 

aquifer.

 

 

watershed.

 

 

reservoirs.

 

 

 

 

Question 15

 

 

 

 

What is probably the BEST way for industry to reduce water waste?

 

 

 

Decrease industrial production

 

 

Increased irrigation use

 

 

Switching to dry production of industrial goods

 

 

Reuse and recycle wastewater on site

 

 

 

 

Question 16

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is NOT an example of nonpoint source pollution?

 

 

 

Agricultural runoff

 

 

Erosion from logging operations

 

 

Acid mine drainage

 

 

Sewage treatment plant effluent

 

 

 

 

Question 17

 

 

 

 

What is the major difference in the fate of precipitation after urbanization?

 

 

 

Evaporation and transpiration decreases.

 

 

Surface runoff increases.

 

 

Ground water infiltration decreases.

 

 

All of these choices.

 

 

 

 

Question 18

 

 

 

 

Three-fourths of the world’s 200 major watersheds are shared between at least ___ nations.

 

 

 

two

 

 

three

 

 

four

 

 

five

 

 

 

 

Question 19

 

 

 

 

The area bordering a river channel that has the potential to flood is called:

 

 

 

wetland

 

 

drainage basin

 

 

floodplain

 

 

recharge zone

 

 

 

 

Question 20

 

 

 

 

Plastics pose a special problem for sanitary landfills because

  1. plastics are the most rapidly accumulated component of municipal solid waste.
  2. plastics attract harmful microorganisms and bacteria to the landfill.
  3. plastics move upward to the surface creating a fire hazard.
  4. most plastics are chemically stable and do not readily decompose.

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

3 only

 

 

4 only

 

 

1 and 4

 

 

 

 

Question 21

 

 

 

 

Integrated Waste Management is a set of waste disposal alternatives that include all of the following except

 

 

 

incineration.

 

 

composting.

 

 

sanitary landfill.

 

 

relocation of waste to developing nations.

 

 

reuse.

 

 

 

 

Question 22

 

 

 

 

What is an economic benefit of recycling?

 

 

 

use of energy and generation of pollution for curbside collection

 

 

increase use of sanitary landfill

 

 

generates jobs and revenues from selling of recycled products

 

 

use of natural resources in reprocessing materials

 

 

recycling has no economic benefit

 

 

 

 

Question 23

 

 

 

 

What is the Superfund National Priorities List?

 

 

 

the federal inventory of green chemistry locations

 

 

the existing hazardous waste sites that pose the greatest threat to public health

 

 

federally approved locations for the long-term storage of toxic chemicals

 

 

current policy on how to handle chemical accidents

 

 

a list of bodies of water in the U.S. that have not been polluted

 

 

 

 

Question 24

 

 

 

 

The term for crushed glass containers destined to be melted and reused to manufacture new products is ___.

 

 

 

scrap

 

 

dioxin

 

 

leachate

 

 

slag

 

 

cullet

 

 

 

 

Question 25

 

 

 

 

Integrated waste management refers to

 

 

 

dilution and dispersal of chemicals.

 

 

use of federal lands for hazardous waste disposal.

 

 

a combination of source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting. Landfills and incineration.

 

 

uniting municipal and nonmunicipal waste management programs.

 

 

using incineration as a single technique for waste disposal.

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following BEST illustrates a secondary air pollutant?

 

 

 

 

Carbon dioxide released from the burning of wood.

 

 

Radiation released by the burning of coal.

 

 

Ozone produced in photochemical smog.

 

 

Sulfur dioxide released through burning coal.

 

 

 

 

 

Look at the different emission levels in the bar graph below. What BEST accounts for these differences in emissions?

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Clean Air Act of 1970 along with the updates and amendments of 1977 and 1990.

 

 

The use of electrostatic precipitators in coal burning power plants.

 

 

The development of “superclean” cars that do not emit any nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

 

 

The use of lead free and cleaner-burning gasoline.

 

 

 

 

 

The deteriorating air quality in developing countries can be linked to

 

 

 

 

leaded gasoline.

 

 

increased number of motor vehicles.

 

 

burning wood and dung.

 

 

all of these choices.

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following methods would BEST control photochemical smog?

  1. Switching from the burning of coal to the burning of fuel oil or methane.
  2. Reducing the number of motor vehicles.
  3. Regulating the emissions from bakeries and dry cleaners.

 

 

 

 

1 only

 

 

2 only

 

 

3 only

 

 

2 and 3

 

 

 

 

 

Based on climate data from Mount Hua in China, scientists have established the following link between air pollution and precipitation patterns:

 

 

 

 

High visibility – that is, low levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.

 

 

Low visibility – that is, higher levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.

 

 

The type of air pollution determines the amount of precipitation.

 

 

A combination of the type of air pollution and surface temperatures determines the amount of precipitation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Why is photochemical smog typically worse in the summer?

 

 

 

 

There is more solar energy to drive photochemical reactions.

 

 

People tend to travel more in the summer.

 

 

Temperature inversions and heat domes drive photochemical reactions.

 

 

Warm temperatures prevent the dissipation of pollutants.

 

 

 

 

 

Winds tend to blow from areas of ___ atmospheric pressure to areas of ___ atmospheric pressure, and the greater the difference between the high- and low-pressure areas, the ___ the wind.

 

 

 

 

low; high; weaker

 

 

high; low; stronger

 

 

low; high; stronger

 

 

high; low; weaker

 

 

 

 

What type of cancer is expected to increase due to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere?

 

 

 

 

skin

 

 

liver

 

 

brain

 

 

lung

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following is a form of climate change adaptation?

 

 

 

 

planting and maintaining forests

 

 

developing varieties of drought resistant trees

 

 

increase fuel efficiency of vehicles

 

 

replacing coal burning power plants with natural gas

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following greenhouse gases has no natural source?

 

 

 

 

carbon dioxide

 

 

chlorofluorocarbons

 

 

nitrous oxide

 

 

methane

 

 

 

 

 

What is the MAIN reason that water problems have become more severe in the west and southwestern United States in the last 25 years?

 

 

 

 

Range wars.

 

 

Saltwater intrusion impairs drinking water.

 

 

Rapid population growth places more burdens on the water supply.

 

 

Contamination of water by toxic wastes makes it unusable for domestic and agricultural use.

 

 

 

 

Which of the following statements about the Safe Drinking Water Act is TRUE?

 

 

 

 

The law was passed in 1965.

 

 

It allowed states to set their own standards for drinking water.

 

 

It required the EPA to determine the maximum contaminant levels for drinking water.

 

 

This law established the Environmental Protection Agency.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mercury:

 

 

 

 

is a persistent organic toxic compound.

 

 

is a persistent inorganic toxic compound.

 

 

is a form of thermal pollution.

 

 

emissions are strictly regulated by the electrostatic precipitator.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which property of water presents a drawback in terms of water pollution?

 

 

 

 

Water’s high melting and freezing point.

 

 

That water in the form of ice is less dense than liquid water.

 

 

Water’s high heat capacity (i.e., ability to absorb\ a great deal of solar heat without substantially increasing in temperature).

 

 

Water’s ability to be a universal solvent.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which of the following pollution problems are caused by sewage pollution?

 

 

 

Sediments that can reduce light penetration in water bodies.

 

 

Disease causing agents that pose a risk to human health.

 

 

Radioactive substances that can potentially threaten drinking water.

 

 

Carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global climate change.

 

 

 

 

 

The waste management system illustrated by the diagram below is

 

 

 

 

 

 

waste-to-energy management.

 

 

nonmunicipal waste management.

 

 

municipal waste management.

 

 

integrated waste management.

 

 

exportation waste management.

 

 

 

 

 

Due to high moisture content or toxicity it is best to remove all of the following materials from solid waste before incineration occurs except

 

 

 

 

batteries.

 

 

food wastes.

 

 

fluorescent lights.

 

 

refrigerators.

 

 

plastics.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hazardous waste accounts for approximately ___ of the total solid waste stream in the U.S.

 

 

 

1%

 

 

10%

 

 

25%

 

 

50%

 

 

99.9%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

All of the following are problems associated with incineration except

 

 

 

 

air pollution containing mercury.

 

 

contamination of groundwater with heavy metals and pesticides.

 

 

large quantities of ash, which must be disposed of properly.

 

 

NIMBY site selection.

 

 

that it is expensive to operate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What is the most effective method of disposal for the high-tech waste illustrated below?

 

 

Obsolete computer equipment

 

 

 

 

reduce to ash in a mass-burn incinerator

 

 

disassemble and send functional parts to developing countries for recycling

 

 

bury with soil in a sanitary land fill

 

 

store in metal drums in a hazardous waste landfill

 

 

store in watertight containers and discard in the ocean

 

 

 

 

Solid materials discarded by homes, offices, stores, restaurants, schools, hospitals, prisons, libraries, and other commercial institutional facilities are considered

 

 

 

 

integrated stable waste.

 

 

nonmunicipal solid waste.

 

 

municipal solid waste.

 

 

unrecyclable waste.

 

 

hazardous waste.