PHL 320 Week 5 Knowledge Check

Concept: Major perspectives in moral reasoning

Materials on the concept

• Consequentialism
• Major Perspectives In Moral Reasoning
• Virtue Ethics
• Moral Relativism

1.

Identify a form of consequentialism according to which an act is considered the morally right thing to do if it results in more happiness than other alternative acts would.

Deontologism

Utilitarianism

Religious absolutism

Moral subjectivism

2.

Which of the following statements is true of virtue ethics?

Virtue ethics primarily focuses on the question of what is the morally right thing to do.

Virtue ethics focuses on how to be rather than on what to do.

Virtue ethics is in fact an abstruse ethical theory.

Virtue ethics alone holds the answers to all moral questions.

3.

Imran is shocked when he hears that his seventeen-year-old cousin, Zoya, has moved in with her boyfriend. Alex, Imran’s friend, however, does not consider Zoya’s actions immoral. Imran explains to Alex that his family comes from a cultural background where entering into a premarital relationship is unacceptable. After hearing this, Alex understands Imran’s perspective of the situation and empathizes with him. What form of moral reasoning has been exemplified in this scenario?

Duty theory

Virtue ethics

Moral relativism

Religious absolutism

Concept: Ethical systems and business ethics

Materials on the concept

• Ethical Systems
• Egoism and Utilitarianism
• Virtue ethics

4.

What is a proponent of egoism most likely to believe?

If an action maximizes the benefits for an individual, then it is acceptable.

Morally acceptable behavior is behavior that is aimed at creating the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Ethical behavior must be defined in accordance to how other people behave.

Any behavior is morally acceptable if a mature person with a good moral character deems it right.

5.

Which perspective of moral reasoning suggests that behavior that is deemed ethical by a mature person with a good moral character is moral behavior?

Universalism

Virtue ethics

Relativism

Absolutism

6.

Ten-year-old Ron is preparing for a math test for the following week. His mother is surprised to find him studying on a Sunday as Ron hates doing math and preparing for tests. When she asks him why this test is so important, he tells her that his teacher has warned him that if he scores a low grade, he will not be allowed to play on the soccer team, and he wants to avoid that at all costs. In the context of Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral development, Ron is in which stage of cognitive moral development?

The conventional stage

The principled stage

The postprincipled stage

The preconventional stage

Concept: The ethics environment, ethical decision making, and courage

Materials on the concept

• Danger Signs
• The Ethics Environment
• Ethics Programs
• Ethics
• Ethical Decision Making

7.

Identify a factor that could lead to an environment that stimulates unethical behavior in a business.

Laying more emphasis on the long-term considerations of a business than its short-term revenues.

Installing clear procedures for handling ethical issues

Willingly taking an ethical stand, even if it adds cost to the business

Trying to solve all ethical problems with quick and easy techniques

8.

Which type of ethics programs is designed to punish violations of corporate law?

A compliance-based program

An integrity-based program

An operations-based program

A veracity-based program

9.

An inspection of the manufacturing facilities at Altum Chemicals Inc. reveals that the company has not been maintaining the mandatory safety standards. The management believes that this is one of the reasons for the bad attitude and low morale of the workforce. In the context of business costs incurred due to ethical failures, which among the following has been illustrated in this scenario?

Government penalties

Customer defections

Employee cynicism

Remedial education