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ENV 100T Wk 2 – WileyPLUS Week 2 Weekly Exam
What is the step in the nitrogen cycle in which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia?
ossification
ammonification
assimilation
nitrogen fixation
Which of the following is an example of co-evolution?
This figure BEST illustrates:
What is an organism’s realized niche?
Which of the following statements about biogeochemical cycles is true?
In the carbon cycle,carbon can be found in:
What is nitrogen fixation?
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that would improve the efficiency of prey capture for a predator
Which of the following is an adaptation of flowers resulting from the coevolution of plants and pollinators?
Which set of three parameters has the MOST effect on biome distributions?
Excluding soil organisms,what percentage of tropical rainforest inhabitants are adapted to live in the canopy’
What ecosystem service do meanders provide?
Using the figure below determine which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?
The mechanism of natural selection involves all of the following EXCEPT:
Individuals within a population each have a unique combination of traits,which is known as:
Which of the following distinguishes tundra from other biomes?
Which of the following biomes has the HIGHEST biodiversity?
What does the growth rate depend upon?
Unlike people who live in urban areas,people who live in rural areas:
What is a microcredit program?
The graph below is a record of human population growth over time.What can be interpreted from this graph
Which of the following statements about family planning services are TRUE?
Which of the following statements about urbanization and urban areas is CORRECT?
The total fertility rate is the number of children born:
The young age structure of urban areas can be attributed to:
How does the phosphorus cycle DIFFER from the carbon cycle?
There is little or no human impact on the phosphorus cycle.
Phosphorus is not a critical component of living organisms.
The hydrosphere plays a role in the phosphorus cycle.
The atmosphere does not contribute to the phosphorus cycle.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the hydrosphere?
sea ice.
tropical rainstorms.
soil.
hail.
A louse is which of the following?
- a) a parasite
- b) a predator
- c) a consumer
- d) a & c
Which of the following is an example of a biotic component of an ecosystem?
the climate
a community
water
synthetic pesticides
What is an organism’s realized niche?
all the places an organism can survive
lifestyle an organism pursues and the resources it actually uses
the ecosystem where an animal lives and all the foods available to it
idealized ecological niche of an organism
All of the following are example of resource partitioning EXCEPT:
owls hunt by night while hawks hunt by day
fruit eating bats and birds in tropical rainforests specialize in the types of fruit they eat
one species of lizard limits itself to crowns of trees while the other lives on the trunks of the trees
nitrogen fixing bacteria live inside nodules on the roots of legumes
Approximately what percentage of the atmosphere is CO2?
0.001%
0.04%
10%
30%
Herbivores are:
primary consumers
secondary consumers
decomposers
scavengers
What is a species?
Organisms that live together.
Organisms that live in the same area at the same time.
A group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another and produce fertile offspring.
All of the organisms that live together in an area including the physical environment that they live in.
Which of the following BEST defines ecosystem services?
Important environmental benefits provided by ecosystems
Environmental services that humans invest in conserving ecosystems
Environmental activities that are unique to each ecosystem or biome
Economic use of ecosystems as sinks
What is the main difference between short and tall grass prairies?
One is dominated by grasses and the other is dominated by forbs.
Tall grass prairies receive more rainfall than short grass prairies.
Short grass prairies occur in warmer latitudes than tall grass prairies.
Tall grass prairies typically have colder winters than short grass prairies.
Correctly order the following from wettest to driest regions.
tall grass prairie, temperate desert, short grass prairie
short grass prairie, tall grass prairie, temperate desert
temperate desert, short grass prairie, tall grass prairie
tall grass prairie, short grass prairie, temperate desert
A coastal body of water partly surrounded by land with input from both sea and fresh water is called:
the limnetic zone.
an estuary.
a freshwater wetland.
the oceanic province.
Keystone species are usually not the most abundant species in the ecosystem.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Predation only favors the predator with the evolution of more efficient ways to catch prey.
Predation only favors the prey with the evolution of more efficient ways to escape predators.
Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of capture.
Predation exerts a selective force on the predator, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of prey capture.
Question 5
In the carbon cycle, carbon can be found in:
limestone, animals, and plants.
oil, bicarbonate, and sugar.
carbon dioxide and coal.
all of these choices.
What is nitrogen fixation?
the conversion of gaseous nitrogen into an organism friendly form ammonia (NH3).
preplanned setting of atmospheric levels of nitrogen at 78%.
stabilizing elemental nitrogen into a gaseous two-atom molecule (N2).
the reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to gaseous nitrogen.
Which of the following accurately represents a sequential portion of the nitrogen cycle?
N2 in the atmosphere — ammonification — nitrification — plants
N2 in the atmosphere — nitrification — plants
dead organic material — ammonification — nitrification — plants
plant proteins — animal proteins — nitrification — N2 in the atmosphere
Photosynthesis is:
A physical law, which states that when energy is converted from one form to another, some of it is degraded into heat, a less usable form that disperses into the environment.
The biological process that captures light energy and transforms it into the chemical energy of organic molecules, which are manufactured from carbon dioxide and water.
The measure of the amount of usable energy available to do work in the universe.
The process that involves potential energy being converted to kinetic energy.
What process is illustrated in the figure?
Ecological niches
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Resource partitioning
Which of the following organisms are representative of the limnetic zone?
Microscopic plankton
Frogs and their tadpoles
Cattails and other emergent vegetation
Worms, insect larvae, and crayfish
Who wrote The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)?
- F. Gause
John Muir
Carl Linnaeus
Charles Darwin
Evidence for natural selection includes:
Observations from the fossil record.
Evidence from comparative anatomy.
Evidence from molecular biology.
All of these choices.
Which of the following statements about deserts is TRUE?
They are the only biome with drought adapted vegetation.
They only occur in subtropical or tropical regions.
They are the only biome with small animals.
They are found in both temperate and subtropical or tropical regions.
The worldwide total fertility rate is currently:
1.7
2.1
2.5
3.5
Which of the following is the best definition of a biome?
A distinct aquatic ecosystem, surrounded by wetlands and terrestrial upland.
A large distinct terrestrial region similar climate, soil, organisms, regardless of its global location.
One of several types of forests occurring across the globe.
A natural association that consists of all the populations of different species that live and interact together within an area at the same time.
Using the figure below determine which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?
Human and pig
Human and yeast
Duck and rattlesnake
Moth and tuna
Which of the following BEST describes the kind of ecosystem shown here?
1 River
2 Lake
3 Freshwater wetland
4 Marsh
1 only
2 only
3 only
4 only
The shallow-water area along the shore of a lake or pond is called the:
limnetic zone
littoral zone
profundal zone
headwater zone
Which biome is most suitable for the development of farmland?
taiga.
tropical rain forest.
temperate grassland.
chaparral.
Which biome is mismatched with the statement that follows it?
Tropical rain forest: plants grow in layers — canopy, understory
Tundra: a layer of permafrost
Boreal forest: well suited for agriculture because of short growing season and mineral-poor soil
Chaparrals have many plants that are fire-adapted and grow best following a fire.
Which of the following biomes is NOT known for its wood and lumber production?
temperate rain forest
taiga
chaparral
temperate deciduous forest
What is likely to happen to the population represented by the age structure pyramid labeled C?
It will have a very large population of young people soon.
It should remain stable in the coming years.
It will begin to decline soon.
It should grow substantially in the future.
What conclusions can be drawn about the populations shown in the age structure pyramids below?
The populations are likely to increase in size in the near future.
The elderly people are dying more quickly than in the past.
Fertility rates in these countries are high.
The populations are in either slow or zero growth and thus quite stable.
The graph below is a record of the population size of reindeer on one of the Pribilof Islands off the coast of Alaska where they were introduced in 1911. If it is known that the availability of winter forage determines the carrying capacity for reindeer, what can be interpreted from this graph?
The population crashed due to overgrazing by the reindeer.
An environmental resistance factor like disease caused the population to decline somewhat.
Some reindeer were lost to predation by wolves.
Some reindeer emigrated to another island.
Which of the following is an example of environmental resistance?
Unlimited resources
Predation
Ideal conditions
High growth rate
What can be concluded from the graphs below?
Countries with the largest potential for future increases in population are in Asia.
Countries with the largest aging population are in Oceania.
Since lower fertility rates lead to an aging population, it explains why the population of Europe has more elderly than the population of North America.
Currently about 8% of the world population is under the age of 15 and about 27% is over the age of 65.
Which of the following factors affects the total fertility rate for human populations today?
Availability of family planning services
Cultural and religious traditions
Governmental policies
All of these choices
Which of the following is a factor that limits population growth?
Biotic potential.
Doubling time.
Natural increase.
Environmental resistance.
The graph below is a record of human population growth over time. What can be interpreted from this graph
Human population is being regulated by environmental resistance factor like disease.
Human populations are currently growing exponentially.
Humans are the largest population on the planet.
Human populations are growing globally during to migration.
Question 1
Which of the following processes plays an important role in the phosphorus cycle?
erosion
nitrogen fixation
combustion
cellular respiration
Question 2
The nitrogen cycle is one of the most important and complex of the biogeochemical cycles. Why is nitrogen important?
It’s an Ozone depleting gas
It’s an essential part of biological molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids (DNA)
It’s the most toxic element to living organisms
Nitrogen dilutes the oxygen in the atmosphere causing respiratory problems
Question 3
What is landscape ecology?
the study of human-designed communities.
the study of the influences of pollution on natural ecosystems.
a science exclusively concerned with terrestrial ecosystems.
the study of the connections among various ecosystems.
Question 4
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Predation only favors the predator with the evolution of more efficient ways to catch prey.
Predation only favors the prey with the evolution of more efficient ways to escape predators.
Predation exerts a selective force on the prey, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of capture.
Predation exerts a selective force on the predator, favoring characteristics that reduce the probability of prey capture.
Question 5
What do we call an area of land that runoff drains into?
watershed
estuary
groundwater
niche
Question 6
How would an ecologist classify both the animals shown below?
decomposers
primary consumers
producers
carnivores
Question 7
Nitrogen gas accounts for what percentage of the atmosphere?
0.03%
1%
approximately 50%
78%
Question 8
What is an organism’s role, or lifestyle, within the structure of an ecosystem called?
habitat.
trophic level.
symbiotic relationship.
ecological niche.
Question 9
What biome is most likely to have the following temperature and rainfall profile?
savanna
boreal forest
tropical rainforest
temperate deciduous forests
Question 10
Which of the following statements about wildfires is TRUE?
They are always damaging for natural environments.
They release nutrient minerals that were locked in dry organic material.
They encourage the growth of shade-resistant plants.
They result in the destruction of the underground stems and buds of grasses.
Question 11
Individuals within a population each have a unique combination of traits, which is known as:
Genetic variation.
Reproductive capacity.
Evolution.
Differential reproductive success.
Question 12
Where would you expect to find the littoral zone of a lake?
Shallow water area along the shore
Open water area farther from shore with enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Deepest known, where light typically does not penetrate effectively
Bottom region where organisms tend to attach themselves to one spot
Question 13
Which of the following biomes has the HIGHEST biodiversity?
boreal forest
temperate grassland
temperate rain forest
tropical rain forest
Question 14
Which of the following organizational hierarchies is correct?
ecosystem landscape community biome
biome community landscape ecosystem
community ecosystem landscape biome
landscape community ecosystem biome
Question 15
Which of the following organisms would be members of a pioneer community on bare rock?
grass
lichens
shrubs
ferns
Question 16
Which of the following does NOT apply to freshwater wetlands?
Anaerobic conditions
Accumulation of organic material
Water-tolerant vegetation
Drought resistant plants
Question 17
What are the three main ecological categories of organisms found in aquatic ecosystems?
plankton, nekton, fish
plankton, benthos, littoral
plankton, nekton, benthos
benthos, mangal, littoral
Question 18
Compact development in urban areas benefits the environment in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
by reversing the trend towards urbanization.
by reducing air pollution.
by preserving rural areas.
by increasing open space.
Question 19
Which factors eventually cause birth rates to decline during a demographic transition?
Birth rates decline due to improved health care and modern medicines.
Birth rates decline due to increased education of women.
Birth rates decline due to increased contraceptive use.
All of these choices ultimately contribute to declining birth rates.
Question 20
How do demographers typically measure mortality (death) rate?
deaths per 1000 persons per year.
deaths per person per year.
the number of children who die per year.
the total number of deaths per generation.
Why does the death rate usually decline quickly during a demographic transition?
improved health care and modern medicines.
increased education of women.
increased contraceptive use.
increased economic productivity.
Question 21
Which of the following statements about the graph shown is TRUE?
Only Nigeria’s population growth rate is increasing.
China’s and Brasil’s fertility rate is below replacement level fertility.
Only Egypt’s fertility rate is above replacement level fertility.
Mexico and Brazil are both below replacement level fertility.
Question 22
Why are high fertility rates generally prevalent in developing countries?
Children contribute to the family’s livelihood.
Children must care for aging parents.
Male children are culturally more desirable, so families continue to have children until male children are born.
All of the choices.
Question 23
Which of the following statements about population ecology is TRUE?
Population ecology only deals with declining populations that are in need of intervention in order to survive.
Population ecology focuses on individuals and their interactions, but not the abiotic environment.
Population ecology attempts to explain how and why the number of individuals in a given area changes over time.
Population ecology is not important to scientists in applied disciplines, such as wildlife management.
Question 24
What is the cause of global human population growth over the last 200 years?
Higher birth rate
Higher fecundity rate
Increase in immigration
Lower death rate
Question 25
What can be interpreted for the following two graphs regarding literacy and fertility rates?
In general, there are more illiterate men than women.
The total number of children a woman has during her life is affected by her education – the more educated a woman is, the greater the number of children she has.
Almost 70% of Bangladeshi women and 50% of Bangladeshi men are able to read and write.
Based on the connection between education and fertility rates, one would predict that the fertility rate in Mexico would be lower than the fertility rate in Ethiopia as literacy rates are higher in Mexico.
Which of the following is not a source of carbon for the carbon cycle?
What is coevolution?
According to the laws of thermodynamics which of the following can be recycled?
Which of the following is an example of interspecific competition?
Which set of three parameters has the MOST effect on biome distributions?
Modern synthesis refers to:
Which of the following does NOT apply to freshwater wetlands?
Which of the following abiotic factors does NOT typically affect biome structure?
What distinguishes a savanna from other types of grasslands?
Which of the following was not understood when Darwin was developing his theory of evolution by natural selection?
The population represented by the age structure pyramid labeled A will:
What happens during the postindustrial stage of a demographic transition?
Which statement regarding literacy is supported by the data shown in this graph?
In order for the growth rate to remain constant what must happen to the birth rate?
What can you conclude about the bacterial population shown in the graph?
Which of the following statements about urbanization and urban areas is CORRECT?
Which of the following is an ecosystem service?