- Description
ENV 100T Wk 4 – WileyPLUS Week 4 Weekly Exam
An analysis of air pollutants in an urban area resulted in the detection of NO2, SO2, CO, and particulates. How are all these chemicals related?
All of them are classified as primary pollutants.
All of them are classified as secondary pollutants.
All of them contribute to acid precipitation.
All are components of photochemical smog.
Why do air pollution dust domes often form in urban areas?
Urban areas are usually in valleys.
There are a high number of mobile sources that emit air pollutants.
Pavement and rooftops concentrate heat and create relatively stable air masses that lift and keep pollutants in the air.
Large cities are usually located on peninsulas or islands.
Ozone in the ___ is essential as it protects the Earth’s surface form UV radiation but ozone in the ___ is a human-made air pollutant that contributes to global warming.
troposphere; stratosphere
stratosphere; troposphere
troposphere; thermosphere
mesosphere; stratosphere
The figure below shows how temperatures might vary on a summer afternoon over different types of landscapes. What explains the higher temperatures over the city?
Thermal inversions
Heat island
Dust domes
Photochemical smog
What is industrial smog?
It is only formed by reactions involving sunlight and nitrous oxides and hydrocarbons released from automobile exhaust.
It is formed from sulfur oxides and particulate matter released from combustion of heating oil and coal.
It is formed by reactions between CFCs from industrial processes and ice crystals in the upper atmosphere.
It is formed when secondary pollutants such as ozone combine with primary pollutants such as hydrocarbons in cold winter temperatures.
What is the main source of the indoor air pollutant radon?
The burning of wood and dung for cooking fires.
Natural emissions seeping into building foundations from the ground.
Cigarette smoking.
Carpeting, fabrics, and furniture.
Why is carbon dioxide considered a greenhouse gas?
It is released when fossil fuels are burned.
It is part of the carbon cycle, which is also known as the greenhouse cycle.
It can absorb infrared radiation.
It is responsible for protecting organisms from UV radiation.
What has been the major success of the Clean Air Act?
Hazardous air pollutants:
What is the leading cause of death in children worldwide?
The upper surface of the saturated zone of groundwater is termed the:
aquifer.
water table.
watershed.
wetland.
Which of the following statements regarding freshwater use is TRUE?
It is increasing because, on average, each person is using more water.
It is decreasing because, on average, agriculture is conserving more water.
It is decreasing due to the decline in the global population growth rate.
It is increasing due to improved technology and greater efficiency.
Groundwater can be contaminated from all of the following sources EXCEPT:
backyards.
municipal sanitary landfills.
intensively cultivated agricultural lands.
none of these choices.
Orlando, Florida’s low-tech, natural wastewater treatment system relies on which of the following?
A river
Wetlands
A lake
The ocean
As a water user, you have a responsibility to use water carefully and wisely. To conserve water, it is suggested that you:
wash dishes by hand instead of using the dishwasher.
plant more trees in your yard.
cut shower time down to 30 minutes.
choose a high efficiency washing machine.
Why is thermal pollution a problem for fish?
It reduces the amount of oxygen the water can hold which results in fish kills.
Warm water increases the spread of infectious disease to fish.
It greatly increases sedimentation rates and the silt and sand clogs fish gills.
The heated water kills fish.
Which of the following statements about sick building syndrome is TRUE?
Ozone is considered a secondary air pollutant because it:
One common health consequence of pollutants such as particulate matter,sulfur dioxide,nitrous oxides,and ozone is:
Despite the increasing percentage of newer automobile models on the road,air quality has not improved in some areas of the United States
Which of the following describes the effect of global climate change on biodiversity?
Which of the following greenhouse gases is released from the intestinal tracts of cattle?
The computer-generated image below depicts a part of the southern hemisphere in December 2007.What is the source of the purple-colored region on the image represent?
Which greenhouse gas that is released as the tundra thaws?
Which group of air pollutants tends to cool the atmosphere because they reflect more sunlight back to space thus reducing incoming solar radiation?
What causes salinization?
Which of the following BEST describes the body of water in this picture?
An area of land that is drained by a single river is called a/an:
Mercury:
The area bordering a river channel that has the potential to flood is called:
Which of the following pollution problems are caused by sewage pollution?
Which of the following is an example of a hazardous waste?
Fifty-four percent of the municipal solid waste generated in the U.S.today is disposed of
The photograph below illustrates
Solid materials discarded by homes,offices,stores,restaurants,schools,hospitals,prisons,libraries,and other commercial institutional facilities are considered
What concern does methane gas production create for the operation of a sanitary landfill?
What best explains the process that is illustrated below?
Question 1
Smaller cars, removal of sulfur from coal, and cooler combustion temperatures are examples of ways to:
reduce the total amount of pollutants produced.
reduce total amounts of pollutants after they are produced.
conserve energy.
reduce CFC production.
Question 2
Why did lead pollution decrease significantly after the creation of the Clean Air Act?
Lead is now removed from coal before it is used as fuel.
Electrostatic precipitators mandated by the Clean Air Act have greatly decreased the amount of lead being emitted from smokestacks.
Catalytic converters in cars greatly reduce the amount of lead emitted.
Leaded gasoline was outlawed.
Question 3
Electrostatic precipitators use electrical charges to attract and track what pollutants?
Ozone.
Particulates.
Sulfur oxides.
Nitrogen oxides.
Question 4
Which other indoor air pollutant increases the risk of radon-related cancers?
Formaldehyde from carpets and furniture.
Tobacco smoke from cigarettes.
Para-dichlorobenzene from moth balls and air fresheners.
Nitrogen oxides from unvented gas stoves.
Question 5
The National Academy of Sciences estimate 12% of all lung cancers are related to radioactivity caused by which of the following?
The burning of coal.
Nuclear power plants.
Residual atmospheric radiation related to nuclear weapons testing.
Natural emissions that occur as uranium breaks down.
Question 6
Why are illnesses from indoor air pollution often overlooked?
They resemble common ailments like colds or flu.
They usually result long after exposure.
They only occur in developing countries.
They are easily controlled using modern healthcare.
Why is air pollution an increasing problem in developing countries?
In the desire to industrialize rapidly, less expensive but outdated, more polluting technologies are being adopted.
Why is industrial smog usually worse in the winter?
Combustion of household fuels is higher.
Question 7
What helps maintain global oxygen concentrations in the troposphere?
Oxygen levels remain balanced by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis replaces oxygen loss to air pollutants like NOx, SOx, and ozone.
The burning of fossil fuels since the Industrial Revolution has helped maintain oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere.
Excess oxygen is broken down by ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Question 8
Which of the following activities is responsible for the largest percentage of human-made carbon dioxide emissions?
burning fossil fuels
deforestation
ozone depletion
acid deposition
agriculture
Question 9
Although widespread thermometer records have only been kept since the mid-19th century, scientists can reconstruct historical temperature data in the following ways except:
tree ring analysis
air bubbles in ancient ice
ocean sediment
fossilized dinosaur bones
Question 10
Which of the following activities will not mitigate global climate?
developing energy alternatives like wind and solar
switching to hybrid cars
planting and maintaining forests
eating more beef
Question 11
The figure reflects the differences in how sunlight strikes the Earth at different places. Which of the statements below can be inferred from this diagram?
- Desk lamp A represents the vertical angle of the sun at the equator showing that sunlight is more concentrated here.
- Desk lamp B represents the oblique angle of the sun at the equator showing that there is a larger area over which the sun shines.
- Desk lamps A and B represent the possible different angles of the sun striking the northern hemisphere in the summer depending on how the Earth’s axis tilts – A means a hotter summer, B means a cooler one.
1 only
2 only
3 only
1 & 2 only
Question 12
What can be interpreted from the following graph?
- The graph shows that the Earth’s surface temperatures do naturally fluctuate.
- The graph shows that there has been a warming trend in the last several decades.
1 only
2 only
1 & 2
None of these choices
Question 13
What is the fate of solar radiation that reaches the Earth?
Most solar radiation is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere.
Most solar radiation is reflected by snow, ice, and light colored land.
Most solar radiation is absorbed by the land and ocean.
An equal amount of solar radiation is absorbed by land, air, and water as is reflected back into space.
Question 14
The area of land drained by a single river or stream is called:
cisterns.
aquifer.
watershed.
reservoirs.
Question 15
What is probably the BEST way for industry to reduce water waste?
Decrease industrial production
Increased irrigation use
Switching to dry production of industrial goods
Reuse and recycle wastewater on site
Question 16
Which of the following is NOT an example of nonpoint source pollution?
Agricultural runoff
Erosion from logging operations
Acid mine drainage
Sewage treatment plant effluent
Question 17
What is the major difference in the fate of precipitation after urbanization?
Evaporation and transpiration decreases.
Surface runoff increases.
Ground water infiltration decreases.
All of these choices.
Question 18
Three-fourths of the world’s 200 major watersheds are shared between at least ___ nations.
two
three
four
five
Question 19
The area bordering a river channel that has the potential to flood is called:
wetland
drainage basin
floodplain
recharge zone
Question 20
Plastics pose a special problem for sanitary landfills because
- plastics are the most rapidly accumulated component of municipal solid waste.
- plastics attract harmful microorganisms and bacteria to the landfill.
- plastics move upward to the surface creating a fire hazard.
- most plastics are chemically stable and do not readily decompose.
1 only
2 only
3 only
4 only
1 and 4
Question 21
Integrated Waste Management is a set of waste disposal alternatives that include all of the following except
incineration.
composting.
sanitary landfill.
relocation of waste to developing nations.
reuse.
Question 22
What is an economic benefit of recycling?
use of energy and generation of pollution for curbside collection
increase use of sanitary landfill
generates jobs and revenues from selling of recycled products
use of natural resources in reprocessing materials
recycling has no economic benefit
Question 23
What is the Superfund National Priorities List?
the federal inventory of green chemistry locations
the existing hazardous waste sites that pose the greatest threat to public health
federally approved locations for the long-term storage of toxic chemicals
current policy on how to handle chemical accidents
a list of bodies of water in the U.S. that have not been polluted
Question 24
The term for crushed glass containers destined to be melted and reused to manufacture new products is ___.
scrap
dioxin
leachate
slag
cullet
Question 25
Integrated waste management refers to
dilution and dispersal of chemicals.
use of federal lands for hazardous waste disposal.
a combination of source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting. Landfills and incineration.
uniting municipal and nonmunicipal waste management programs.
using incineration as a single technique for waste disposal.
Which of the following BEST illustrates a secondary air pollutant?
Carbon dioxide released from the burning of wood.
Radiation released by the burning of coal.
Ozone produced in photochemical smog.
Sulfur dioxide released through burning coal.
Look at the different emission levels in the bar graph below. What BEST accounts for these differences in emissions?
The Clean Air Act of 1970 along with the updates and amendments of 1977 and 1990.
The use of electrostatic precipitators in coal burning power plants.
The development of “superclean” cars that do not emit any nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
The use of lead free and cleaner-burning gasoline.
The deteriorating air quality in developing countries can be linked to
leaded gasoline.
increased number of motor vehicles.
burning wood and dung.
all of these choices.
Which of the following methods would BEST control photochemical smog?
- Switching from the burning of coal to the burning of fuel oil or methane.
- Reducing the number of motor vehicles.
- Regulating the emissions from bakeries and dry cleaners.
1 only
2 only
3 only
2 and 3
One common health consequence of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, and ozone is:
Based on climate data from Mount Hua in China, scientists have established the following link between air pollution and precipitation patterns:
High visibility – that is, low levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.
Low visibility – that is, higher levels of air pollution – is linked with substantially more precipitation.
The type of air pollution determines the amount of precipitation.
A combination of the type of air pollution and surface temperatures determines the amount of precipitation.
Why is photochemical smog typically worse in the summer?
There is more solar energy to drive photochemical reactions.
People tend to travel more in the summer.
Temperature inversions and heat domes drive photochemical reactions.
Warm temperatures prevent the dissipation of pollutants.
Winds tend to blow from areas of ___ atmospheric pressure to areas of ___ atmospheric pressure, and the greater the difference between the high- and low-pressure areas, the ___ the wind.
low; high; weaker
high; low; stronger
low; high; stronger
high; low; weaker
What type of cancer is expected to increase due to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere?
skin
liver
brain
lung
Which of the following is a form of climate change adaptation?
planting and maintaining forests
developing varieties of drought resistant trees
increase fuel efficiency of vehicles
replacing coal burning power plants with natural gas
Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
Methane is produced from all of the following food and agricultural activities except:
Even if all burning of fossil fuels was stopped today, why will temperatures continue to increase?
What is a rain shadow?
The silhouette of mountains as the sun passes from east to west.
The shade on the ground produced by clouds that threaten rain.
The dry land on the side of the mountains away from the prevailing wind.
The lessening of a chance of precipitation on any given day due to dry air at equator.
Which of the following water resource problem does NOT reflect reality?
Mexico is facing the most serious water shortages of any country in the Western Hemisphere – the aquifers that supply water to Mexico City and the agricultural state of Guanajuato are dropping rapidly.
In China water supplies are precarious due to population pressures – for example water table levels are dropping and river water diversion projects for irrigation are depriving downstream areas of water.
Three-fourths of the world’s 200 or so major watersheds are shared between at least two nations, thus face management issues associated with their shared use.
None of these choices.
Besides temperature records, evidence that points to an increase in global temperatures includes:all of these choices
Which of the following is not an effect of acid deposition?
Which of the following greenhouse gases has no natural source?
carbon dioxide
chlorofluorocarbons
nitrous oxide
methane
What is the MAIN reason that water problems have become more severe in the west and southwestern United States in the last 25 years?
Range wars.
Saltwater intrusion impairs drinking water.
Rapid population growth places more burdens on the water supply.
Contamination of water by toxic wastes makes it unusable for domestic and agricultural use.
Microirrigation is a type of irrigation:
Which of the following statements about the Safe Drinking Water Act is TRUE?
The law was passed in 1965.
It allowed states to set their own standards for drinking water.
It required the EPA to determine the maximum contaminant levels for drinking water.
This law established the Environmental Protection Agency.
One of the BEST ways to conserve the amount of water used by agriculture is through:trickle irrigation.
Mercury:
is a persistent organic toxic compound.
is a persistent inorganic toxic compound.
is a form of thermal pollution.
emissions are strictly regulated by the electrostatic precipitator.
Which property of water presents a drawback in terms of water pollution?
Water’s high melting and freezing point.
That water in the form of ice is less dense than liquid water.
Water’s high heat capacity (i.e., ability to absorb\ a great deal of solar heat without substantially increasing in temperature).
Water’s ability to be a universal solvent.
Which of the following pollution problems are caused by sewage pollution?
Sediments that can reduce light penetration in water bodies.
Disease causing agents that pose a risk to human health.
Radioactive substances that can potentially threaten drinking water.
Carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global climate change.
The waste management system illustrated by the diagram below is
waste-to-energy management.
nonmunicipal waste management.
municipal waste management.
integrated waste management.
exportation waste management.
The cooling effects of atmospheric aerosols are much weaker than the warming from an enhanced greenhouse effect for all of the following reasons except:
there has been a concerted effort to increase sulfur emissions to counter the effects of the enhanced greenhouse effect but sulfur emissions are hard to produce
Due to high moisture content or toxicity it is best to remove all of the following materials from solid waste before incineration occurs except
batteries.
food wastes.
fluorescent lights.
refrigerators.
plastics.
Hazardous waste accounts for approximately ___ of the total solid waste stream in the U.S.
1%
10%
25%
50%
99.9%
All of the following are problems associated with incineration except
air pollution containing mercury.
contamination of groundwater with heavy metals and pesticides.
large quantities of ash, which must be disposed of properly.
NIMBY site selection.
that it is expensive to operate.
What is the most effective method of disposal for the high-tech waste illustrated below?
Obsolete computer equipment
reduce to ash in a mass-burn incinerator
disassemble and send functional parts to developing countries for recycling
bury with soil in a sanitary land fill
store in metal drums in a hazardous waste landfill
store in watertight containers and discard in the ocean
Solid materials discarded by homes, offices, stores, restaurants, schools, hospitals, prisons, libraries, and other commercial institutional facilities are considered
integrated stable waste.
nonmunicipal solid waste.
municipal solid waste.
unrecyclable waste.
hazardous waste.
How does saltwater intrusion occur?
All of the following are problems associated with overdrawing groundwater EXCEPT:
Which of the following forms of hazardous waste is incorrectly paired with its source?
dioxins – combustion of chlorine compounds
lead – computer components
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) – household trash
mercury – emissions produced from combustion of fluorescent lights and batteries
fly ash – mass burn incinerator
The composting process is the
What is the definition of a hazardous waste?
any gaseous waste generated from mining
any solid waste that is dangerously bulky
plastics that are non-biodegradable
a discarded chemical that threatens human health or the environment
a harmful liquid that forms from seeping through compost
Which of the following is an example of composting?
creating mulch from yard wastes and food scraps
using animal dung as a fuel source
recycling steel to replace dependence on iron ore
purchasing products that have less packaging
using less toxic materials to build products
Dematerialization, the progressive decrease in the size and weight of a product, with a lifespan comparable to previous products, is an example of ___.
stimulus marketing
shrinking economy
source reduction
the waste reduction Act
consumer extortion
How can source reduction be used by the auto industry apply in the manufacturing of automobiles?
safety features of the car improved for increased durability of the product
technological improvements could decrease the size and weight of the car
recycled plastics and rubbers used for bumper construction
steel scrap could replace iron ore in the manufacturing process
all of these choices